Human Trafficking and Prostitution in Russia - 2058 Words

Human Traficking In Russia: Prostitution human trafficking in Russia.-prostitution. Russia is considered the largest country in the whole world. It is massively known for the origin and final destination of trafficked men, women, and children who are forced to labour. Human trafficking is one of the major problems that is facing Russia. Trafficking is carried out mainly for the purpose of exploitation, which includes prostitution, forced labour, slavery, removal of organs and many others (human trafficking in and out of Russia). This is mostly because of the unbearable economic situations in the country and a punishment should be given to those who engage in human trafficking. Concentrating on prostitution as a form of human†¦show more content†¦Small children and adolescents involvement in sex working and producing pornography rapidly grew in the 1990s (E.V. Tiurukanova 40). Estimates show that not less than 17,000 minors are placed into the sex industry. In other estimates, the number may rise to 50,000 minors. Most of the children while interviewed sai d their engagement in sex trade was due to the ‘wish to survive’ and others to have their own money while others was to stop depending on their parents (E.V. Tiurukanova 41). Child trafficking also involved children being lured into child sex tourism. This started when the legal protection of children from sexual exploitation was omitted from the Russian legislation and the punishment to crimes related to sexual crimes and exploitation of small children being handed in United States and Europe gave a larger rise to child sex tourism. Many tourist travels to Russia, not for any other reason but enjoy sex with children (E.V. Tiurukanova 43). Trafficking of children was also for producing child pornography. This issue brought about many debates among the public but nothing was developed. The public has not yet shown acceptance, disapproval, or intolerance of the production and distribution of children produced pornography. Actually, hard economic situation has led to tolerance of the child pornography phenomena. According to the Russian national consultation on the commercial exploitation of children, Russia isShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking In Russia: Prostitution661 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Trafficking In Russia: Prostitution Human trafficking is one of the major problems that is facing Russia. And Russia is considered the largest country in the whole world. It is massively known for the origin and final destination of trafficked men, women, and children who are forced to labor. Trafficking is carried out mainly for the purpose of exploitation, which includes prostitution, forced labor, slavery, removal of organs and many others (human trafficking in and out of Russia). This isRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Unique Sector Of Slavery1201 Words   |  5 PagesSex trafficking is a unique sector of slavery that primarily affects women and children. This is sexual exploitation for profit where victims face inhumane and volatile conditions. The practice comes in varying forms including brothels, strip clubs, and online services. This horrible occurrence happens secretly in practically any corner across the globe. Although it causes immense physical harm to its victims, the physiological and emotional damage remai ns severe and prominent. Victims from AsiaRead MoreThe Globalization Of Human Trafficking990 Words   |  4 Pageswill define the globalization of human trafficking through the context of the United States as a first world nation and extension of this problematic issue in European nations, such as Russia and in the Baltic region. The first world status of the United States provides a context in which human trafficking has become a major problem when defining domestic markets for criminal organizations. However, the U.S. provides an example of the impact of human trafficking that occurs on a much wider scaleRead MoreRussi A Tier 3 Source, Transit, And Destination Country1067 Words   |  5 Pages Russia is a Tier 3 source, transit, and destination country. The dominant form of trafficking is forced labor but sexual exploitation and begging is also pronounced. Men, women, and children are among the exploited both inside and outside of the country. Russia’s Tier 3 status is du e to its refusal to meet the minimum standards to prevent, investigate, prosecute, or convict those involved with trafficking including government officials. It also provides no funding for counseling or rehabilitativeRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Nation s Economy, Political, And Legal Factors1383 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is the trade of humans by force, mainly women and female children, for the purposes of sexual slavery, sexual exploitation, and domestic labor. Global human trafficking has often been labeled as modern- day slavery; however the history and causes have been identifiable just as the causes of traditional slavery have been. What causes human trafficking? In this present paper, the hypotheses on the primary causes of global human trafficking will be identified. There are three majorRead MoreHuman Trafficking in Russia Essay1853 Words   |  8 Pagessomewhere in Russia wakes up from the sound of heavy footsteps creaking up the wooden steps. Confused, s he begins crying, trying to escape the chains, but as soon as she attempts, the face of a stranger comes near her. 11:07 p.m. A girl somewhere in Russia becomes a victim of human trafficking. Human trafficking has existed across the globe for thousands of years. From the Ancient Greek and Romans to the medieval times, until today, humans have existed as victims of the cruel act of human trafficking. AmongRead MoreEssay about Japanese, Russian, Chinese, and Mexican Organized Crime1042 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral different countries, such as; Italy, China, Japan, Russia and the United States of America. Although all these groups of organized crime have many things in common they tend to have different ways of doing something, or they may not do them at all. Many also commit similar types of crimes, and others commit crimes other groups would not. It is thought that the Russian Mafia has existed in Russia for several centuries. When Russia was still the Soviet Union, corruption began to develop becauseRead MoreModern Day Human Sex Trafficking1151 Words   |  5 PagesModern Day Human Sex Trafficking With the advances in technology society now mainly uses cellphones and the internet as means of communication; traffickers see this as an opportunity, by using technology as a tool to reach victims from all around the world, as well as buyers. However, as traffickers are adapting to the online market for trafficking, technology is also creating ways in which we can identify traffickers and victims. Sex trafficking has been around for centuries, howeverRead MoreHuman Trafficking in Malta1515 Words   |  7 PagesMalta serves as a trafficking destination for women and children who are subjected to forced labor, including in restaurants, private households and in unskilled or semi-skilled labor. With regards to our local issue, African mirgants whom are labelled as ‘irregular immigrants’ are directly being trafficked in the country’s informal labor market. Between 2003 and 2011 there were 25 reported victims 24 of which were women all of foreign dissent. Most of them arrived illegally from Russia, Ukraine and RomaniaRead MoreThe Legal And Social Implications Of Prostitution1039 Words   |  5 Pageslegal and social implications of prostitution have been a topic of much concern over the past few decades. Although the issue has been heavily debated, a proper answer to its legalization or criminalization has not yet been defined in many countries throughout the world. While some view that â€Å"sex work† is a justifiable occupation that should be protected under human rights, others argue that it’s legalization would do more harm than good. According to the Health and Human Rights Journal (2014), the Russian

Benefits of partnership of a community group Free Essays

In the recent years we have witnessed a contract known as ‘Community Benefit Agreement’ that was signed in the USA between community groups and company owners which requires the business owners to provide certain services to the local community or the vicinity while on the other hand the community supports the businesses or will not in any way oppose them (Cnaan Milofsky, 2007). A study reveals that when the community is more involved in the negotiation procedure, they will be able to tackle the problems to present a debate for all parts of an affected community. At the spirit of the community benefits schemes is partnership building. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of partnership of a community group or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the agreement, there are various benefits a community will derive from a business operating in the vicinity. They include; good working conditions, local hiring schemes, affordable housing allowances, better remuneration packages, on job training programs, space will be set aside for other small organizations, community centres, child care schools, enhance erection of parks and sporting amenities and giving financial support to community group programs. Benefits that a community group may accrue from a company/business through partnership Taking a case in Sydney we find that a recreation field committee of Rankin School of the Narrows in IONA being one of the beneficiaries from the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency through a strategy that was introduced known as Local Economic Benefits (LEB). Sydney Tar Ponds Agency is an agency that deals with stabilizing, solidifying and containing the contaminated materials to clean up the environment and the cleaned up space to be used for recreational purposes. Sydney Tar Ponds Agency, through the LEB program, supports promotes mission contestants and contractors to promote local community activities. LEB involves various operations such as local employment, improvement of local proficiency sets, promoting local community projects and drawing new citizens to join local communities. An important section that will be checked out is developing an outdoor rink, a young and adults green activity area which will allow those who have no space to plant at home to have a garden, for the young ones it will provide education on plants and how they grow. As fundraising efforts were underway for the various phases, the committee explored many ways of generating much-needed financial support. Members in the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency have testified that the strategy had helped them develop the outdoor rink that is helping them to give back to the community. This helps the community to grow in positive, healthy directions (Gale Group, 1988). Through the establishment of the outdoor rink for Rankin School of the Narrows in IONA, there will be a lot of motivation in the part of the learners as they will be able to learn extra curriculum activities such as small garden farming. It will also give individuals work to do thus avoiding idleness which could promote immorality amongst the youths. This will develop the youngsters’ skills and talents that could be of great help to them in future. These small gardens will also add to the country’s aesthetic value thus preserving the splendour of a nation. Conclusion In order to form a triumphant community benefit agreement, it is vital to classify and retain a coalition, facilitate and expertise on a shared agenda, Collins Porras, 2002). It is therefore important that the government empowers the community on its rights so as to improve the bargaining power of the community. We find that there are organizations which merely do anything for the community because there are no efforts to demand their contribution to the community. On the other hand the community groups should support the operations of the organization to form that mutual relationship that will promote the introduction of other benefits (Demetrios E. Tonias Jim J. Zhao, 2007). Works Cited Gale Group. International directory of company histories. (California: St James Press. 1988) Collins James Charles Porras I. Jerry. Built to last: successful habits of visionary companies. (New York; Harper Business Essentials. 2002). Cnaan A. Ram Milofsky Carl. Handbook of Community Movements and Local Organizations. (Philadelphia: Springer. 2007 pp 26, 27). Tonias E. Demetrios Zhao J. Jim. Bridge Engineering. (New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. 2007, p 41). How to cite Benefits of partnership of a community group, Papers

Introduction to Marketing for the Innovation - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Marketingfor the Innovation Journal. Answer: Introduction Having identified that the major challenge of Burma lane restaurant is mainly triggered by marketing and competition, it is now important to find out how this company can strategize its operations to overcome the pressure it gets from other companies. One of the techniques which this company can use to challenge its competitors is adapting the best marketing mix strategy. The fact that this restaurant is beautifully decorated and provides sweet Asian dishes has the potential of improving its turnover or profits if good marketing plan is established. According to Doughty (2013), an effective marketing strategy begins with considered and well-informed marketing strategy. Single marketing mix strategy will be ideal for this company because it will assist it to avoid confronting with other bigger companies. This company should decide to concentrate on a single segment which the management feels it is likely to yield the highest profit. Promotion According to Fromm Garton (2013), a successful product or service means nothing unless the benefits of such products are communicated clearly to the target market. This means it is important for Burma lane to expose the benefits of its products to the target market. The company can do this by concentrate in a single segment and mainly focus on promotions. The reason why it is fundamental for this restaurant to focus on promotions is because its problem was triggered by lack of advertisement which is a fundamental tool in promotional marketing mix. Advertising typically covers communication strategies that are paid for like for example TV advertisements, print media internet, radio commercials, and so forth. In the recent times, companies seem to from focusing offline to online strategies. Burma lane, in this case, should come with advertisement as its single promotional tool. According to Guevarra (2010), majority of companies which use advertisement as their promotional tool realize a significant increase in revenue. The management should also aim at using the most influential channels to advertise like social media. Harden Heyman (2011) suggest that promotions require the right channels to be used for companies to realize the benefits of this strategy. In this case, Burma lane restaurant should emphasize on using social media because in the recent days it has been one of the most effective ways of advertising. According to Hess (2011), social media is the better channel for promotions because it assists organizations to target a large number of people, and it is cheap and fast. Another way of succeeding in using advertisement as single marketing mix to address Burma lane restaurant marketing issue is through designing unique adverts. The manner in which adverts are designed determines the effectiveness of this marketing mix component (Doughty, 2013). The advertisements should be designed in a manner which can inform the audience about the products, and the reasons which should make the consumers to purchase them. Pricing According to Irina (2013), price states the amount of money which an organization offers its products to the consumers. Burma lane should also come up with one pricing strategy and offer a uniform price to every consumer who buys the product under the same condition. This will aid in making the consumers feel the company values them irrespective of their differences in various factors like income, preferences and so on. The best pricing strategy should be based on various factors including the quality of products, pricing strategy used by competitors, the target consumers and so forth. Because the aim of this company is to improve turnover or profit through addressing the competition problem, it should consider two major factors when deciding on prices. The first consideration should be the prices used by the competitors. The management should ensure its prices are closely related to those of its competitors because consumers always compare prices when making the decision of which company to purchase from. The second consideration is the quality of its products. Burma lane restaurant should ensure that the prices match the quality of its products. According to Luther (2013), consumers purchasing decisions is influenced by quality and the prices charged. This means the prices charged should be worth the quality of products offered. Product According to Mohammed (2012), product means the tangible items or intangible services which consumers purchase from an organization. Product is important because it defines what the company provides in the target market. The products offered should be unique in terms of quality and physical appearances so that the consumers can be able to differentiate them from those of competitors. Because the company will use a single marketing strategy, the product should also be the same across all segments. Establishing one type of product with little or no variations for all consumers will play a role in boosting revenue because of various reasons. The first reason is it will be easy to conduct marketing because the marketers will emphasize on a single product. The second reason is because the company will be able to make proper decisions on how to develop the product. Pauwels (2014) argues that when there are no competing products or services in an organization, the possibility of developing product which matches consumer expectations are always high because the company dedicates its efforts and resources towards that product. This means Burma Lane can establish a strong product by establishing a single marketing mix and concentrating on a single product. The product should be designed in a manner which can assist the company to customer loyalty. The management should ensure its products are of high quality and meets customer expectations. According to Tybout Calder (2010), consumer loyalty is attracted and maintained by companies which produce high-quality products. This indicates that Burma lane restaurant can win customer loyalty through ensuring its products are of good quality than those of competitors. Place Placement or distribution is a fundamental part of the product mix definition. A company must position its product in a place which the potential buyers can access them. In the case of Burma lane restaurant, the products should be positioned in its restaurants to ensure the target consumers can easily access them. In practicing single marketing mix, the company should also come up with one distribution system aimed at entire market. The advantage of using this type of distribution system is that it will enable the management to monitor when product needs to be delivered and in which quantity and quality. Single distribution system aimed at the entire market will also assist the company to improve its distribution system, deliver products at the right time, learn changes in consumer buying behavior and so forth. Budgeting and Cost To succeed in the marketing process, the company will be required to allocate at least $10000. This money will cater for the advertising cost, improving the distribution process, and other marketing aspects required to make the single marketing mix effective. In addition to other advertising methods, the company will mostly rely on social media for advertising because it is highly effective. The following is a one year budget concerning how the company will allocate money in different advertisement methods. Advertising method Allocation Advertising through social media(Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram, linkdn twitter, YouTube) $3000 Print media( newspapers, magazines, etc) $2000 Billboards $2000 Advertising T-shirts and Caps $800 Restaurant menu design $1200 Miscellaneous expenses $1000 Total $10000 Conclusion Burma lane can address its problem by of not having enough exposure in the local market and improve its turnover and profit through adapting the right marketing strategy. Single marketing mix is ideal for this company because it will allow specialization and best utilization of available resources to assist this company in attaining a competitive advantage. The management should ensure the company has a well-developed product which targets a single market segment, and there is good pricing of products which are based on the quality of goods and prices used by competitors. The company must also ensure it uses single promotional tool, and in this case, advertisement is ideal because one of the major factors which triggered its problem is lack of advertisements. The products should be strategically positioned its products in all of its restaurants so that the potential customers can easily access them. Another factor which can assist this company to improve turnover and profit is ensuring its products are sold at reasonable prices. References Doughty, H. 2013. Flux: What Marketing Managers Need to Navigate the New Environment. The Innovation Journal, 31(1), 78-90. Fromm, J Garton, C. 2013. Marketing to Millennials: Reach the Largest and Most Influential Generation of Consumers Ever. New York: AMACOM. Guevarra, R. A. 2010. Marketing Dreams, Manufacturing Heroes: The Transnational Labor Brokering of Filipino Workers. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press Harden. L Heyman. B. 2011. Marketing by the Numbers: How to Measure and Improve the ROI of Any Campaign. New York: Amacom. Hess, E. D. 2011. Growing an Entrepreneurial Business: Concepts and Cases. Stanford, CA: Stanford Business Books Irina. P. 2013. Product Innovation Strategies on Emerging Markets: Bringing Theory and Practice Together. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(2), 58-90. Luther, W. 2011. The Marketing Plan: How to Prepare and Implement It. New York: AMACOM. Mohammed. A. 2012. Establishing Sales Organizations in Emerging Markets: The case of Saudi Arabia. Review of Business Finance Studies, 3(2), 65-70. Pauwels. K. 2014. Its not the Size of the DataIt's How You Use It: Smarter Marketing with Analytics and Dashboards. New York: American Management Associations. Tybout, M. A Calder, J. B. 2010. Kellogg on Marketing. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley

Love Song Essays - Literature, Chapbooks, , Term Papers

Love Song Eliot paints the picture of an insecure man looking for his niche in society. Prufrock has fallen in with the times, and places a lot of weight on social status and class to determine his identity. He is ashamed of his personal appearance and looks towards social advancement as a way to assure himself and those around him of his worth and establish who he is. Throughout the poem the reader comes to realize that Prufrock has actually all but given up on himself and now sees his balding head and realizes that he has wasted his life striving for an unattainable goal. The beginning of the poem is pre-empted by an excerpt from Dante's Inferno which Eliot uses to begin his exploration of Prufrock's self-consciousness. By inserting this quote, a parallel is created between Prufrock and the speaker, Guido da Montefeltro, who is very aware of his position in "hell" and his inability to escape his fate. Prufrock is also very aware of his current status but doesn't realize until the end that he is unable to rise above it. The issue of his fate leads Prufrock to an "overwhelming question..."(10) which is never identified, asked, or answered in the poem. This "question" is somehow associated with his social status, but both its ambiguity and Prufrock's denial to even ask "What is it?"(11) gives some insight into his state of internal turmoil. Prufrock's dissatisfaction with his personal appearance is evidence of an underlying lack of self-confidence. Not only is he unhappy with the way he looks, having "To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;" but he is constantly afraid of what others will have to say about him: "(They will say: 'How his hair is growing thin!')"(41) and "(... 'But how his arms and legs are thin!')"(44). Prufrock's preoccupation with looks shows how much he is caught up in the social scene and how much his identity is rooted in what others think of him. Unfortunately, his lack of confidence isn't limited to his looks. He's indecisive and unsuccessful in his attempts to communicate with other people, repeating "visions and revisions"(33) and "decisions and revisions..."(48). Eliot uses repetition here to emphasize Prufrock's alterations in behavior to please those around him. He wants to speak out and share his thoughts but doesn't have the courage saying, "'Do I dare?' and, 'Do I dare?'"(38). Possibly, he's asking if he should dare "and drop a question on your plate."(30) He wants to ask a lady out but again he can't get up the nerve to take that step. He is a bit melodramatic but he realizes the enormity of the odds stacked against him and he drones, "Do I dare/ Disturb the universe?"(45-46). In this case Eliot uses hyperbole to show the reader extent of Prufrock's insecurities. They are his whole "universe." Once again, Eliot uses the device of ambiguity to reflect the internal struggle in Prufrock and lead the reader to ask himself or herself, "What is the 'overwhelming question' that Prufrock is asking?" Unfortunately even Prufrock himself doesn't exactly have the answer. His declaration that he isn't a prophet indicates Prufrock's view on his position in society, which he is as confused about as everything else. He isn't poor but he doesn't really fit into the upper class either. Eliot introduces the idea of Prufrock being caught between the two classes in the very beginning of the poem, when he juxtaposes the images of "restless nights in one-night cheap hotels/ And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells"(4-5) with the women who "come and go Talking of Michelangelo."(13-14). These two images represent two completely different ways of life. The first image is of a dingy lifestyle - living among the "half-deserted streets"(4) while the second is the lifestyle that Prufrock longs to be associated with. It is much like the image of Michelangelo's painting on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel where Adam is reaching out to touch God's finger but can't quite reach. While Prufrock doesn't belong to either of these two classes completely, he does have characteristics of both. He claims to be "Full of high sentence; but a bit obtuse" while "At times, indeed, almost ridiculous"(117-118). Being the outsider that he is, Prufrock will not be accepted by either class; even though he can clearly make the distinction between the two and recognize their members: "I know the voices dying with a dying fall/ Beneath the music from a farther room."(52-53). This Shakespearean suggests that Prufrock is just out of reach of the group of people

The Pros and Cons of Screenplay Competitions

The Pros and Cons of Screenplay Competitions Screenplay competitions have long served as a means for fledgling screenwriters to call attention to their talent, especially if they have little else to draw from in the way of Hollywood relationships. As a former literary manager and screenplay competition judge, I can confidently say that the most skilled storytellers will ultimately get noticed in such settings. However, there are a few thing screenwriters should know before submitting. First, not all competitions are created equal. In fact, only a small handful will truly mean anything when it comes to advancing your career, and even then, only if you place in at least the top 10 percent. So, what competitions are worth your hard-earned 50 bucks? Below is a list of what I believe are the top 10 screenplay competitions today based on credibility and access they provide to the industry: 1.  Ã‚     Academy Nicholl Fellowship oscars.org/nicholl 2.  Ã‚     Sundance Screenwriters Lab sundance.org/programs/feature-film#labs 3.  Ã‚     Final Draft Big Break Contest https://store.finaldraft.com/big-break-contest.html 4.  Ã‚     TrackingB trackingb.com/contests/?contest_id=36 5.  Ã‚     Launch Pad https://www.tblaunchpad.com/ 6.  Ã‚     Slamdance http://showcase.slamdance.com/Screenplay-Competition 7.  Ã‚     Scriptapalooza scriptapalooza.com/home.php 8.  Ã‚     PAGE International https://pageawards.com/ 9.  Ã‚     BlueCat bluecatscreenplay.com/ 10.  Ã‚     Austin Film Festival https://austinfilmfestival.com/submit/screenplay-and-teleplay-submissions-2/ What makes these competitions so widely trusted compared to others in the marketplace is their long history of rewarding quality writing and the high caliber of judges they hire – many of whom are respectable producers or managers. This translates to greater industry access for top finishers in addition to generous cash and other prizes. Several of these competitions, such as Slamdance and BlueCat, also provide written feedback to all entrants; so even if you don’t place, you get some constructive criticism that can be used to better your material for the next one. Another key takeaway: it means more to do well in one or two highly respected competitions like the Nicholl or Sundance than to do well in dozens of lesser-known competitions. Industry types are more apt to trust the informed opinion of a few accredited peers than a bevy of unknowns. Furthermore, entry fees for preeminent competitions aren’t higher on average than less notable ones, meaning you’re spending less and getting more value for your dollar So then, what scripts typically do best in competition? Readability is key. Proper formatting, spelling and grammar alone will elevate your material above half the submissions. After that, the focus is on craftsmanship. A coherent three-act story structure coupled with compelling characters, clever plotlines and crisp dialogue will catapult you to the quarter- or even semi-finalist stage. Reaching this level is all but guaranteed to generate reader requests and perhaps even some phone calls from interested parties. However, the screenplays that advance to the finalist level and beyond – the ones that get you in-person meetings – often have one very special, very ironic ingredient: they boast unfamiliar ideas and storylines that may not be marketable enough to get the film made. Numerous colleagues of mine, from Nicholl judges to professional script consultants, have confirmed as much. Essentially, there’s a disconnect between scripts that place highly in competitions and those that get produced because competitions look at creative writing skill over marketability and reward highly original ideas that eschew the very market trends and genre conventions production companies seek. Bottom line, screenplays that win competitions are less likely to get made than they are to serve as calling cards for agents, managers and producers who want talented writers-for-hire. While it may not be the path you planned, it’s still a step toward becoming a professional screenwriter. And a very viable one for those with real talent.

About the Extension of University Education Act, 1959

About the Extension of University Education Act, 1959 The Extension of University Education Act, no. 45 of 1949, segregated South African universities by both race and ethnicity.  This meant that the law not only decreed that â€Å"white† universities were closed to black students, but also that the universities that were open to black students be segregated by ethnicity.  This meant that only Zulu students, for instance, were to attend the University of Zululand, while the University of the North, to take another example, was formerly restricted to Sotho students. The Act was another piece of Apartheid legislation, and it augmented the 1953 Bantu Education Act. The Extension of University Education Act was repealed by Tertiary Education Act of 1988. Protests and Resistance There was widespread protests against the Extension of Education Act. In Parliament, the United Party- the minority party under Apartheid- protested its passage. Many university professors also signed petitions protesting the new law and other racist legislation aimed at higher education. Non-white students also protested the act, issuing statements and marching against the Act. There was also international condemnation of the Act. Bantu Education and the Decline of Opportunity South African universities that taught in the Afrikaans languages had already limited their student bodies to white students, so the immediate impact was to prevent non-white students from attending the Universities of Cape Town, Witswatersrand, and Natal, which had formerly been comparatively open in their admissions. All three had multi-racial student bodies, but there were divisions within the colleges. The University of Natal, for instance, segregated its classes, while the University of Witswatersrand and University of Cape Town had color bars in place for social events. The Extension of Education Act closed these universities. There was also an impact on the education students received at universities that had previously been unofficially â€Å"non-white† institutions. The University of Fort Hare had long argued tat all students, regardless of color, deserved an equally excellent education, and it was an internationally prestigious university for African students. Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Robert Mugabe were among its graduates, but after the passage of the Extension of University Education Act, the government took over the University of Fort Hare and designated it an institution for Xhosa students.  After that, the quality of education declined precipitously as these universities were forced to provide the purposely inferior Bantu Education. University Autonomy The most significant impacts were on non-white students, but the law also reduced the autonomy for South African universities by taking away their right to decide who to admit to their schools. The government also replaced University administrators with people who were seen as being more inline with Apartheid sentiments, and professors who protested the new legislation also lost their jobs.   Indirect Impacts The declining quality of education for non-whites, of course, had much broader implications. The training for non-white teachers, for instance, was distinctly inferior to that of white teachers, which impacted the education of non-white students. That said, there were so few non-white teachers with university degrees in Apartheid South Africa, that the quality of higher education was something of a moot point for secondary teachers. The lack of educational opportunities and of university autonomy also limited the educational possibilities and scholarship under Apartheid. Sources Mangcu, Xolela. Biko: A Life. (I.B. Tauris, 2014), 116-117. Cutton, Merle. â€Å"Natal University and the Question of Autonomy, 1959-1962.† Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre. Bachelor of Arts Honors Thesis, Department of Natal, Durban, 1987. â€Å"History,† University of Fort Hare, (Accessed 31 January 2016)

Comparison of Japans Meiji Period with Chinas Great Leap Forward Essay

Comparison of Japans Meiji Period with Chinas Great Leap Forward - Essay Example One of the main reasons why the Meiji Period is considered a success while the Great Leap Forward a failure is due to the length of time each was given to succeed. The Meiji Period occurred over a longer period of time, and so was more likely to succeed. Emperor Meiji decided that Japan needed to establish itself as one of the world’s leading nations both economically and militarily. To fuel this growth, democracy was promoted as a key component of change in Japan. The old feudal lords had their powers decreased to the point where all Japanese citizens were treated equally. Conversely, China’s Great Leap Forward was abandoned after only a few short years because the goals and objectives set forth by Mao were completely unrealistic. He too realized that China needed to catch up to the Western powers, but he did so in a completely different way than Emperor Meiji. Unlike Japan, which had embraced democracy, China was deeply rooted in communist principles. Mao decided that two improvements would significantly boost the Chinese economy: industry and agriculture. He was correct in saying that these are key areas that need to form the backbone of any economy. Where he got it wrong was setting unrealistic goals and targets for the people to reach. Additionally, families were housed in communes and had no control over their own state of affairs. The result of this was that many people starved to death due to a lack of food. Even though both the Meiji Period and Great Leap Forward set out with the same purpose, the reason why one succeeded and one failed is how they went about it. Japan decided to study Western ways of learning; the Japanese education system was Western-based and education became compulsory for every Japanese child.

Medical ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Medical ethics - Essay Example To some degree I would classify myself as a secular humanist and believe that ethical decisions should be based on firm logic and ethical theory, instead of religious doctrine. One of the major issues of in medical ethics has been the question of whether individuals in severe and life-ending pain should be able to commit euthanasia. Currently, individuals such as Dr. Jack Kevorkian have been imprisoned for practicing euthanasia. I believe this should not occur. I object entirely to the notion that individuals in such situations should not have the option of terminating their life. I believe that if an individual is clearly in a strong level of pain and their life will be hindered beyond enjoyment and wellness, then the individual should be given the option of ending their existence. Furthermore, allowing religious doctrine to dictate medical ethics is a dangerous slope, wherein progress and outstanding care may be compromised because of outdated

The Birth of American Imperialism Essay Example for Free

The Birth of American Imperialism Essay The United States of America was founded on July 4, 1776 and has fought three wars before the Spanish-American War. The United States has fought numerous times for different reasons. The States fought Britain for their independence in 1776, and then in 1812 they fought Britain because American ships were being taken prisoner by the British for no apparent reason. America stood up against the British and let them know that was going to push America around. America also fought against itself trying to preserve the nation and keep The United States as one and from not separating. The United States of America unified again in 1865 becoming one with unified ideas. In 1898 the United States fought a new enemy for new reasons, but these reasons were not justified and not appropriate to declare war on Spain. In the 1890’s the United States attitude turned much aggressive and expansionistic than it had ever been. There was in fact a lust for forming colonies. What triggered the war was the blowing up of the Maine Battleship. The blame was put on Spain’s shoulders believing the Spanish had a hand in the destruction of the Maine. Years after the end of the war investigators have concluded that the Maine blew up due to the boiler room overheating and blowing up. The Spanish-American War is the most unnecessary war of all-time and could have easy been avoided if America did not declare wars on other nations solely on belief without any evidence. The defeat of the Spanish forces marked the end of their rule in the Americas and also marked the rise of the United States as a global military power. The Spanish-American War affected the United States in a number of other ways. It helped speed the construction of the Panama Canal and also resulted in the U. S. s acquisition of foreign territories. This war marks the being of American Imperialism, and the beginning of American intervention in other countries. Before the war and before the explosion of the USS Maine there was a lot of tension between America and Spain at the time. The United States and Spain all most started a war when Spain captured an American ship in 1873. The captain and the crew were executed on charges of having rebel leaders aboard (Gay 9). There were many reports of U.  S citizens in Cuba being imprisoned or murdered. Spanish officials even confiscated U. S property (Gay 9). Also, Americans living in Cuba were captured and sent without trial to this prison known as Morro Castle (Gay 23). Also, Cuba was rebelling against Spanish rule and wanted its own independence. Constant fighting between Spain and the natives became deadly. Cuba was an important colony for the Spanish. The islands export sugar, tobacco, and other raw materials were traded by the Spanish to generate great amounts of wealth (Bachrach 15). In January 25, the USS Maine arrives in Havana, Cuba. The Maine is there to protect Americans in Cuba against the riot occurring in Havana (Bowan 103). February 15, the USS Maine while docked in the Havana harbor is rocketed by two explosions. The ship begins to sink killing 266 U. S sailors (Bowan 104). The United States places the blame upon Spain for the destruction of the Maine and in April the United States and Spain break off diplomatic relations. The U. S president orders a naval blockade of Cuba’s ports (Bowan 104). McKinley stressed that the United States had tried to remain neutral, but too many Americans were treated inhumanly in Cuba by the Spanish (Gay 28). In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine stated that further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would not be accepted by the U. S. , but Spains colony in Cuba was exempted. In 1890, Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History, which credits the rise of Britain to world power to the Royal Navy. Mahan’s ideas on projecting strength through a strong navy had a powerful worldwide influence. Historians debate how much Americans were interested in obtaining an empire, while noting that the European powers had in recent decades dramatically expanded their empires, especially in Africa and Asia. The United States had great interest in the England motto, which was make the world England. The United States wanted to colonize, take over new territories, and expand. Unfortunately, America’s ambitions were inopportune for the current state of the world, because most of the world was colonized and had governments. America probably pinned the blame of the Maine blowing up on Spain to grab new territory and some other spoils of war. On April 23 President McKinley called for a hundred twenty five thousand volunteers, more than a million men answered the call (Golay 41). The U. S Navy’s Asiatic Squadron, is headed by Commodore George Dewy. He is based in Hong Kong, China. His job is to combat the Spanish in the Pacific (Bowman 104). Amazingly the U. S had so little information about the Philippines that Dewey had to buy charts of Manila Bay from Hong Kong (Golay 22). In the early hour of May 1, 1898, Dewy spots the Spanish fleet 5 miles south of Manila. The U. S fleet sails towards the Spanish fleet (Bowman 107). Dewey’s ships have destroyed the majority of the Spanish fleet and captured the remaining Spanish fleet. The Spanish lose more than 400 men. Only 6 Americans die or are wounded. When word reaches America of Dewey’s victory he becomes a national hero (Bowman 107). Dewy stays in Manila harbor with his fleet to keep the German Navy from the weak situation in the Philippines. The U. S does not want Germany to take territory or resources from the Philippines (Bowman 107). Following Deweys victory, Manila Bay was filled with the warships of the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Japan; all of which outgunned Deweys force. The German fleet of eight ships were in Philippine waters to protect German interests acted provocatively cutting in front of American ships, refusing to salute the United States flag, taking soundings of the harbor, and landing supplies for the besieged Spanish. The Germans, with interests of their own, were eager to take advantage of whatever opportunities the conflict in the islands might afford. The Americans called the bluff of the Germans, threatening conflict if the aggressive activities continued, and the Germans backed down. At the time, the Germans expected the confrontation in the Philippines to end in an American defeat, with the revolutionaries capturing Manila and leaving the Philippines ripe for German picking. Most of the Spanish fleet is anchored in Santiago. The commander of the Spanish fleet is Pascual Cervera. He does not want to challenge the U. S, because he knows that he is out gunned (Bowan 109). On 1 July, a combined force of about 15,000 American troops in regular infantry and cavalry regiments, including all four of the armys Colored regiments, and volunteer regiments, among them Roosevelt and his Rough Riders, the 71st New York and 1st North Carolina, and rebel Cuban forces attacked 1,270 entrenched Spaniards in dangerous Civil War-style frontal assaults at the Battle of El Caney and Battle of San Juan Hill outside of Santiago. More than 200 U. S. oldiers were killed and close to 1,200 wounded in the fighting. Supporting fire by Gatling guns was critical to the success of the assault. Cervera decided to escape Santiago two days later. The Spanish forces at Guantanamo were so isolated by Marines and Cuban forces that they did not know that Santiago was under siege and their forces in the northern part of the province could not break through Cuban lines. This was not true of the Escario relief column from Manzanillo, which fought its way past determined Cuban resistance but arrived too late to participate in the siege. After the battles of San Juan Hill and El Caney, the American advance ground to a halt. Spanish troops successfully defended Fort Canosa, allowing them to stabilize their line and bar the entry to Santiago (Bowan 109). The Americans and Cubans forcibly began a bloody, strangling siege of the city. During the nights, Cuban troops dug successive series of trenches toward the Spanish positions. Once completed, these parapets were occupied by U. S. soldiers and a new set of excavations went forward. American troops, while suffering daily losses from Spanish fire, suffered far more casualties from heat exhaustion and mosquito-borne disease. At the western approaches to the city, Cuban general Calixto Garcia began to encroach on the city, causing much panic and fear of reprisals among the Spanish forces. The success at the two forts on July 1, 1898 combined to give the Americans command over the ridges surrounding Santiago. By July 3, the American forces had demolished Admiral Pascual’s Spanish fleet there. On July 17, the Spanish surrendered the city (Nelson 111). There was likelihood that the Spanish could carry the War onto the Atlantic seaboard cities of the U. S (Golay 31). The Spanish Admiral Cervera could not have raided the U. S coastal cities because they had no charts of the Atlantic Seas (Golay 33). The Spanish fleet attacks the seven American ships. After four hours of gunfire the Spanish ships are all sunk. The Spanish have 474 dead while the Americans only suffer 1 fatality (Bowan 109). On 7 August, the American invasion force started to leave Cuba. The problem was fiebre amarilla, yellow fever, which had quickly spread amongst the American occupation force, crippling it. A group of concerned officers of the American army chose Theodore Roosevelt to draft a request to Washington that it withdraw the Army, a request that paralleled a similar one from General Shafter, who described his force as an â€Å"army of convalescents† (Bowan 111). By the time of his letter, 75% of the force in Cuba was unfit for service. The evacuation was not total. The U. S. Army kept the black Ninth Infantry Regiment in Cuba to support the occupation. The logic was that their race and the fact that many black volunteers came from southern states would protect them; this logic led to these soldiers being nicknamed â€Å"Immunes†. Still, by the time the Ninth left, 73 of its 984 soldiers had contracted the disease. The Treaty of Paris was signed December 10, 1898, settled the conflict that had resulted in the Spanish-American War( Nelson 111). As a result of the Spanish-American war, which lasted for only four months from April 25 to August 12, 1898, the treaty gave Cuba independence. Andrew Carnegie the richest man in America wrote a personal check for twenty million dollars to buy Philippine independence (Marrin 150). The U. S would pay 20 million dollars for the Philippines. The Philippines would become a common wealth in November 1935 (Nelson 112). U. S. also acquired Puerto Rico and Guam. By gaining these territories it helped America gain some more resources. Also the result of the war leaves thousands dead on each side of the playing field and many more wounded. These deaths could have been avoided if only the United States did not jump to conclusions and did not use the Maine incident to enter a war in order in gain new territory. In the end, U. S. goals were overwhelmingly achieved. They succeeded in securing Cuban independence, removing Spanish forces from the Americas, establishing themselves as a world and military power, and also accomplished much more, with minimal losses. Other positive outcomes from the war include a positive change in the army, a surge in the economy, and as well as a strong international political influence. Senator Thurston of Nebraska said before the war: War with Spain would increase the business and earnings of every American railroad, it would increase the output of every American factory, and it would stimulate every branch of industry and domestic commerce. All of these predictions, indeed, turned out to be results of the Spanish-American War. The United States, both as a nation and as a people, prospered tremendously from this war. The United States birth as an imperialistic power occurred during the Spanish-American War.

Internet Crimes :: essays research papers

The new discipline of computing and the sciences that depend upon it have led the way in making space for women's participation on an equal basis. That was in some ways true for Grace Murray Hopper, and it is all the more true for women today because of Hopper's work. Grace Brewster Murray graduated from Vassar with a B.A. in mathematics in 1928 and worked under algebraist Oystein Ore at Yale for her M.A. (1930) and Ph.D. (1934). She married Vincent Foster Hopper, an educator, in 1930 and began teaching mathematics at Vassar in 1931. She had achieved the rank of associate professor in 1941 when she won a faculty fellowship for study at New York University's Courant Institute for Mathematics. Hopper had come from a family with military traditions, thus it was not surprising to anyone when she resigned her Vassar post to join the Navy WAVES (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service) in December 1943. She was commissioned a lieutenant in July 1944 and reported to the Bureau of Ord nance Computation Project at Harvard University, where she was the third person to join the research team of professor (and Naval Reserve lieutenant) Howard H. Aiken. She recalled that he greeted her with the words, "Where the hell have you been?" and pointed to his electromechanical Mark I computing machine, saying "Here, compute the coefficients of the arc tangent series by next Thursday." Hopper plunged in and learned to program the machine, putting together a 500-page Manual of Operations for the Automatic Sequence-Controlled Calculator in which she outlined the fundamental operating principles of computing machines. By the end of World War II in 1945, Hopper was working on the Mark II version of the machine. Although her marriage was dissolved at this point, and though she had no children, she did not resume her maiden name. Hopper was appointed to the Harvard faculty as a research fellow, and in 1949 she joined the newly formed Eckert-Mauchly Corporation. H opper never again held only one job at a time. She remained associated with Eckert-Mauchly and its successors (Remington-Rand, Sperry-Rand, and Univac) until her official "retirement" in 1971. Her work took her back and forth among institutions in the military, private industry, business, and academe. In December 1983 she was promoted to commodore in a ceremony at the White House. When the post of commodore was merged with that of rear admiral, two years later, she became Admiral Hopper.

Find the leader on you Essay

Assignment 1: Finding the leader in you: Self – Assessment /Johari Window Leadership can be considered in terms of power capacity and opportunity to give to others, the desire to get involved and take action to achieve a collective goal or achieve a common goal. This power derives an estimated authority, trust or reference mentor who cannot be decreed. Leadership is no way from a status, function or any degree of responsibility. It owes its existence to the recognition of others. 1. Develop a profile of your personality characteristics and assessment results. Personality is not only specific to each, but also a psychological identity of a person distinctive behavioral singularity. It is forged throughout life, from a set of circumstances and experiences. Family executives, professionals or relationship are elements that influence personality. According to (Schermerhorn and others 2012), Personality captures the overall profile, or combination of characteristics, that represents the unique nature of an individual as that individual interacts with others. Personality is determined by both heredity and environment; across all personality characteristics, the mix of heredity and environment is about 50-50† It’s very difficult for somebody to look into the mirror and describe themself. I grew up in a Christian family. I was taught to be honest, modest, and tolerant, to respect others no matter their faith or their convictions. Being asked to describe your personality appears to be a  simple topic. On the contrary, it’s a very difficult and critical exercise. I describe myself as a hard worker. Whatever the circumstances, I have to reach my goals. I do whatever it takes to get the job done, sometimes working extra hours. I inherited that aspect of me from my parents who taught me that, â€Å"to succeed, you must work hard, because sun always shines for those who work hard†. I am not influenced by the gender and race of my colleagues or people around me. I build great relationships with people around me, they appreciate my presence and I have a genuine collaboration with them. I grew up in a multiracial community. We use to play together black and white, male and female. I learnt to respect and embrace different cultures. This helped me better understand cultural diversity. I strongly believe that cultural diversity is a value. Around me I see people with different sexual orientation. I accept and respect their choice, because they may be  influenced by their culture or where they grew up. It’s so interesting to hear people share their experiences. Taking personal initiatives is another part of me. However, I adhere to rational and realistic changes. I have the honesty to recognize my strengths and weaknesses when it comes to skills required for a job. I don’t accept a job if I can’t manage it. I’m ambitious; I love challenges because they reveal my strength and leadership. I am somebody who also learns from my experiences and experiences of others. I like to organize my work by priority and deadlines. I do this so I can produce the highest quality work in the amount of time I have. When I am in charge of a team, I share my vision with my team members and delegate duties with clear and precise instructions and expectations. I value other people’s opinions, suggestions and contributions. My friends, my classmates or my colleagues would tell you that I am a fair man, who always listens when they have something to say. I’m a reliable, flexible, and honest person always open the new ideas, new concept and new experiences. For me, failure is something that should never happen. That is my weakness. So it becomes very difficult for me when I fail to attend my objectives. It takes time for me to accept such situation. That is one aspect of me on which I should take some resolutions. 2. Summarize the result of the assessments you completed for homework in week 1. The 21st century called the century of globalization, is marked by the digital revolution following the development of the information technology. This revolution has given birth to a new form of management, based on constant and innovative changes. Today’s manager must be proactive because technology is advancing very quickly. He must master his professional environment to be effective. In today organization, the person in charge of management should be able to instigate actions and creative ideas. In the ever more demanding world of work, many companies are seeking individuals with more proactive qualities, individuals who take initiative and engage in proactive problem solving. Research supports this, showing that proactive personality is positively related to job performance, creativity, leadership and career success. (Shermerhorn and other 2012). This assessment is applied to Late Steve Job, Co-founder of Apple Company. In term of products, Apple has been at the top for a while. That company is  making products better than anyone else for years. The reason of their success is that Steve was anticipating what people’s needs would be in the future, not what they are right now. A manager has to identify where the market is heading, not where it is right now. That means, he should have a vision. That is one of Steve job traits. I can add imagination and passion. Steve Job has the imagination to create an IPhone which at that time was unique. IPhone is an assemble of six or more most needed products. (Watch, flashlight, telephone, camera, camcorder, music box, calculator and many others services). That was a genius idea. To realize this genius technology, you have to be passionate and willing to settle for a long term goal of achievement. Most companies failed because they put little emphasis on the future. They were focus on day by day management. Kodak was leader in cameras and most photographic supplies. They did not understand the digital revolution. They tried year after year to maintain the same routine. They did not understand people’s need and didn’t integrated changes provided by the outcome of digital technology. That type of management brought the company down. They lost a big part of the market. Transformational leadership style in today organization is most efficient. Leader’s mission is not only to maintain the organization’s stability, but also to bring innovations, high productivity and employee satisfaction. Leaders should inspire followers. Managers or Leaders in charge of organizations should be equipped to challenge conflicts every day, either from employees not willing to change or from organization’s customers or others. Conflict is inevitable among humans. It is a natural outcome of human interaction that begins when two or more social entities engage one another while striving to attain their objective. (M.Afzalur Rahim. 2001). A manager should give all parties to a conflict an equal voice, regardless of their position, length of service or political influence. People in conflict can become defensive if they feel they are being marginalized or are going through a process leading to a predetermined outcome. Time is an important but limited resource that we never seem to have enough. So, a manager must be a well organizing person. He should prioritize, planning and understand completing activities of the organization. Most organizations today are taking organic characteristics. No matter the design, to succeed, leader must socialize with his colleagues. He must be a team player and should have a strong  self-awareness. He must get his followers his passion and his visions. Successful leaders today involve employees in all aspects of the work process: design, manufacture, inventory, marketing. Leaders create team. They don’t issue orders from above. Dale Carnegie and others. (1993). Today’s manager must be proactive because things are going very quickly. He must master professional environment to be effective. 3. Analyze how attribute / scores speak to your relationships and career. By analyzing the results of this self-assessment, I discovered my strengths and weaknesses. My results have revealed the leadership qualities that I have and what I don’t have. Self-assessment # 22 reveals to me that I met more than seventy percent requirements needed to be a manager 21st century manager. I manage stress effectively and focus on the objectives. I socialize with people in my environment. I listen to my intuition when necessary and like to take initiatives. However, I have to personally set my skills to work to a higher performance standard. I work as a manager in a multinational company which retains its value and its name from the quality of products and services it offers to its customers. This conceptualization of standard is not always accepted by all customers. Consequently, to meet my financial goals and also to provide customer satisfaction I sometimes take the decisions to violate the established standards. Transformational leaders typically have charisma and are known for their ability to develop a vision and the ability to inspire others to follow them toward it. The results of transformational leadership take time. Transformational leaders must invest time and confidence; build energy to convince their followers to share their vision. Today, organizations that are not highly equipped and prepared, and who hire transformational leaders are likely to be frustrated and disappointed. It would be important for me to improve my skills on Organizational Leadership style to be able to succeed in my mission. Organizational leadership skills are also required to stabilize an organization because without stability, you cannot install a real vision and get people to share it. The organization that I work for was created by a dozen people whose common goal is to make profit, but with different approaches. We’ve an organic design preference organization. Employees are sometimes under pressure from the shareholders to increase  productivity. That pressure develops stress on employees. The stress generally impacts employees and their individual behavior. It stimulates their instant creativity and generates short-term enthusiasm. In such situation, employees works hard not to improve the company productivities, but to save their job. They become irritable, nervous and resistant. Otherwise, some employees loose the job satisfaction. All those aspects off stress have impact on company productivities. A manager should be able to anticipate and manage employee stress. I understand the necessity for a leader to have both type of leadership style. Definitely, I have to improve my skills in the style of Organizational leadership. My intuition level is above average, but I believe that I’ve room for improvement. The intuition is an important character for a leader because you have to read between the lines to anticipate action. I am able to improve my intuitive skills. Under the management of conflict, I’m pushing for compromise. I think it helps to calm passion and save time for manager and employees. However, I recognize that a leader must sometimes impose his ideas if he strongly believes he is on the right path. In this case the leader must be prepared to face resistance from other parties which may complicate the process. I firmly believe that the leader must be able to manage conflicts and get away without too much damage. Conflict management is also a part of my daily activities. You cannot be a good manager in an organization when you only choose solutions that favor you, especially if you’ve several customer/employee complaints. You have to be open and willing to compromise. Employees and customers may not be always right, but as a manager, I must listen to their complaints and provide satisfactory solutions. I feel more comfortable in an organization that values long-term relationship; one that emphasizes systematic career development, mandates regular training, and provides promotions based on gained achievement and expertise. I recognize that it is beneficial for an organization to train its employees from top to bottom. This instills in them the true value of the organization even though it may not provide a guarantee of stability. It often happens that the well- trained staff leaves the organization to go elsewhere for a higher pay and benefits. To create a balance, I apply the concept of just-in-time training to minimize destabilization of the organization.

According to Crapo Acculturation Essay

According to Crapo, Acculturation is what happens when members of one culture adopt the beliefs and/or behaviors of another group. Our textbook states †Although both societies may change as a result of prolonged contact, the politically or economically less powerful of the two is likely to experience the most dramatic acculturative changes as they adopt the language and certain other cultural traits of the dominant culture† (Crapo, 2013). My heart felt so heavy when watching this 40 minute film. I could not help but feel a rush of emotions and for what those children and their parents went through. As a mother, I could not imagine someone taking my child from me and shipping them away to a boarding school. Those children were tortured, beat, and worked to death, and the girls were even sexually assaulted. Once the children were released they had no self-worth. They felt like they were unable to fit in amongst society, and most importantly with their tribe. See more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay The film never mentioned the actual reason the American Government decided to acculturate the Native Americans into Western culture. There could be several reasons they chose to do so. The first one that comes to mind is power. They also may have done this to use them for cheap labor. Another possibility as to why the American Government could have acculturated the Native Americans is because they feared what they were capable of. Acculturating others into another culture is justifiable as long as they aren’t being forced to do so against their own will. When someone is forced into acculturating it effects them badly, in a negative way. Also, it is unfair that individuals are punished for acculturating, especially when it was against their own will to begin with. References Crapo, R. H. (2013). Cultural Anthropology. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Givens, S. F. (Producer). (2011). Indian school: Stories of survival [Video]. Lincoln Park, MI: American Indian Services, Inc. Retrieved from the Films On Demand database.

A Rose, By A Vulcan Name, Would Smell As Sweet Essays - Star Trek

A Rose, By A Vulcan Name, Would Smell As Sweet Essays - Star Trek A Rose, By A Vulcan Name, Would Smell As Sweet A Rose, By a Vulcan Name, Would Smell as Sweet. Social commentary is dangerous. In addition to risking social and political censure, the commentator must carefully convey the message. In directly addressing a problem, one risks alienating an audience before making one's point. If one indirectly approaches said problem, one may appear to lack conviction or a point. Star Trek: the Original Series takes a third path, that of allegory. Unfortunately, as the television series belongs to the science fiction genre, its social significance is often disregarded. However, upon examination, it is clear that the veiled nature of commentary in Star Trek is vital. An allegory addresses issues, usually current political or social situations, through a fictionalized account. This is useful to protect the teller of the tale from legal or political persecution, as evidenced by Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland. Allegory may also use situational hyperbole to exaggerate a situation until its social impact is obvious, as in Voltaire's Candide. The cloak of allegory serves both functions, after a fashion, in Star Trek: the Original Series. Rather than protecting the creator, altered representations protected the integrity of the story line from network censors. For example, the episode A Private Little War depicted the Federation, the series' protagonist organization, warring with the Klingon nation, its nemesis, on a tiny primitive world (Star Trek). In all actuality, the episode was a declaration of pacifism aimed at the follies of the Vietnam War. Such a declaration might be blocked by censors as unpatriotic or lacking in viewer allure, were it a straightforward statement of the evils of Vietnam. As a story, however, it avoids such charges and may be distributed to the masses via television. Situational exaggeration is also utilized to drive home important points. A problem may not be apparent to an average person. Thus, the allegorist expands the problem, inflating it beyond normal context to make its import apparent. The creators of the Original Series achieved this through symbols. In the episode Let That Be Your Last Battlefield, two alien men, whose faces were half black and half white, were featured. The white half was on right side of one man's face, and the left of the other's. Due to this difference, the two races had fought one another until only two survived (Star Trek). This seems merely a tragic story. In actuality, it is a comment on racism. Let That Be Your Last Battlefield tells the viewer a familiar story, the differences between the two men are minimal, as are the differences between races on Earth. Their faces are composed of the same colors in differing combinations. So, too, are the colors of humanity the same, merely present in differing proportions. Hidden within fiction, serious themes pervaded the Star Trek of the 60's. Gene Roddenberry, creator of the Star Trek franchise, outlined a utopian future where the iniquities of the present are absent or conquerable. Those evils included racism, intolerance, sexism and war. Ethnocentrism is denounced by a multi-ethnic cast, which features characters of many nationalities and worlds in prominent positions. The familiar theme of racism arises again in Balance of Terror. Cold War paranoia is represented the fictional humanity's own Cold War with the Romulans, an apparently inimical race. This episode also calls to mind the persecution of Americans with Japanese ancestry during the Second World War. The character Spock, played by Leonard Nimoy, bears a resemblance to the Romulan enemy, and is therefore denigrated and labeled a traitor by his own comrades. Though the humans of Star Trek exist in cold or outright war with beings from other worlds, this state is portrayed as deplorable. Everyone always wants me to do space battles, Gene Roddenberry once said, Well screw them. That's not what Star Trek is about (Walsh 2), and this pacifism is extolled by the characters of the series. The Prime Directive, the central concept of Star Trek: the Original Series' exploring culture, is a sort of code of honor derived from Roddenberry's feelings on the Vietnam War. It forbids interference in the development of civilizations less powerful or technologically advanced than Earth's. Numerous attempts were made to depict gender equality; unfortunately, in this the

The Improved Elevator Invention of Alexander Miles

The Improved Elevator Invention of Alexander Miles Alexander Miles of Duluth, Minnesota patented an electric elevator on October 11, 1887. His innovation in the mechanism to open and close elevator doors greatly improved elevator safety.  Miles is notable for being a  black inventor  and successful business person in 19th Century America.   Elevator Patent for Automatic Closing Doors The problem with elevators at that time was that the doors of the elevator and the shaft had to be opened and closed manually. This could be done either by those riding in the elevator, or a dedicated elevator operator.  People would forget to close the shaft door. As a result,  there were accidents with people falling down the elevator shaft. Miles was concerned when he saw a shaft door left open when he was riding an elevator with his daughter. Miles  improved the method of the opening and closing of elevator  doors and the shaft door when an elevator was not on that floor.  He created an automatic mechanism that closed access to the shaft by the action of the cage moving. His design attached a flexible belt to the elevator cage. When it went over drums positioned at the appropriate spots above and below a floor, it automated opening and closing the doors with levers and rollers. Miles was granted a patent on this mechanism and it is still influential in elevator design today. He was not the only person to get a patent on automated elevator door systems, as John W. Meaker was granted a patent 13 years earlier. Early Life of Inventor Alexander Miles Miles was born in 1838 in Ohio to Michael Miles and Mary Pompy and is not recorded as having been a slave. He moved to Wisconsin and worked as a barber. He later moved to Minnesota where his draft registration showed he was living in Winona in 1863. He showed his talents for invention by creating and marketing hair care products. He met Candace Dunlap, a white woman who was a widow with two children. They married and moved to Duluth, Minnesota by 1875, where he lived for more than two decades. They had a daughter, Grace, in 1876. In Duluth, the couple invested in real estate, and Miles operated the barbershop at the upscale St. Louis Hotel. He was the first black member of the Duluth Chamber of Commerce. Later Life of Alexander Miles Miles and his family lived in comfort and prosperity in Duluth. He was active in politics and fraternal organizations. In 1899 he sold real estate investments in Duluth and moved to Chicago. He founded The United Brotherhood as a life insurance company that would ensure black people, who were often denied coverage at that time. Recessions took a toll on his investments, and he and his family resettled in Seattle, Washington. At one time it was believed he was the wealthiest black person in the Pacific Northwest, but that did not last. In the last decades of his life, he was again working as a barber. He died in 1918 and was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2007.

Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Security - Research Paper Example aper will explore the scope of security, responsibilities of a security director, necessary skills for the position, importance of business environment to security operations and the scope security operations in an organization. The general scope of roles of the security in an organization is the protection of organization’s properties. This covers the organization’s internal and external environments. Security ensures safety of property, conducts investigations, administration and management roles. One of the roles of security is to apprehend and enforce immediate discipline on any person found to have breached security measures in the organization. Some of the involved cases in this scope are theft and destruction of property and security devices (Sennewald, 2011). Security department also vets new employees to ascertain their potential to threaten the organization’s security. This role investigates historical code of conduct of selected employees to ascertain their past criminal records. It therefore advises the management on decisions that affect security of the organization’s assets (Sennewald, 2011). Security department is also the custodian of all the access points within an organization monitoring and ensuring safety of property. It keeps copies of keys to secured areas and manages access points into the organization such as gates, doors, and safes. Another role of the security department involves provision of safe dispatch and reception of sensitive documents and assets such as money by offering escorts to and from the organization. This protects the organization’s assets from burglary while on transit. Finally, the security plays a crucial role in maintaining security confidence within an organization. The presence of security personnel in patrols promotes psychological stability for favorable interactive environment for internal operations of the organization and relations with outsiders such as customers (Sennewald, 2011). A security

Reflective Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective - Research Paper Example There are different authors that list different ways to analyze a movie. The first thing of importance is to be sure to go into the movie with an open mind and not to have formulated an opinion ahead of time. The viewer must be open and receptive to all parts of the movie (Boggs & Petrie, 2008). Whatever is driving you to analyze this movie, whether it is for self interest or otherwise, there are some very organized methods to follow. The theme of the movie should be found but in order to do that you have to see the film so lets start a little earlier than that. Analyze the title and the credits. You have done this before but just do not realize it. Pay close attention and see what is picked up from these. Why was the movie titled the way it was? Is that important to this movie? You will not know unless you have paid attention as the movie opens. A great movie gets your attention and conveys emotion to the audience. You will begin to think about the theme as soon as the movie opens. The theme may be very difficult to understand or it may be very easy. Either way, it may or may not have significance in telling the story(steps to analyze). Characters are extremely important and as the analyst should try to understand the main characters and how the other characters relate to them. The characters will also relate back to the theme of the movie. Boggs & Petrie (2008), tell the reader that the analyst should begin to understand the characters within thirty minutes and be able to have enough understanding of the theme to begin to decide what kind of film he is watching and relate it to the classics. As one analyzes the film, take detailed notice and try to catch as much as possible in each scene including such things as camera lighting and costumes. What does the dialogue make you think of? Is it natural and believable or not? The characters dialogue should not be trying to describe the theme

Working with Children from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds Essay

Working with Children from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds - Essay Example Its importance cuts across the board from support staff to specialists in a particular field. Russell (7) appreciates the difficulty in working with children and families due to the rapidly expanding development in research findings on brain science and early childhood education. Alongside this, there have been changes in early childhood systems which affect accreditation and licensing as well as curriculum and models of delivery. Whereas the amount of growth and change presents great opportunities for quality improvement in this sector, necessary tools need to be implemented to ensure alignment with the changes. Professional development among teachers who impart development among children also becomes an important consideration. The features necessary for achievement of effective professional development include adopting new forms in teaching that include strategies such as mentoring, study groups and research projects. As these strategies take more time than the traditional approac hes, Gay (106) notes the importance of extending development programs over a longer time span. Collective participation where teachers would be given the chance to work with their counterparts would be critical in building communities hence resulting in sustainable change in professional development. ... The employer should also offer support by creating opportunities to enable employees discuss developing practice. The exchange of diverse knowledge propagates self development among professionals. With the increased cultural diversity among children in learning institutions, EHSNRC (5) asks teachers to be prepared to handle considerable diversity in children experiences. This raises the need for culturally responsive teaching where cultural experiences, perspectives and characteristics would be used as tools for effectively teaching them. The assumption here is that when knowledge and skills are based on children’s frame of reference and lived experience, they become more personally meaningful and learnt more thoroughly and easily. Explicit knowledge on cultural diversity would be an important consideration in meeting developmental needs of ethnically diverse children. Gay (107) notes that this knowledge includes understanding the characteristics of cultures and the contributi on by various ethnic groups. Culture encompasses various issues including cultural values, learning styles, traditions and communication. As such, Byrd-Blake and Olivieri (9) outlined five steps to be adopted to ensure development among culturally different children: acquisition of explicit knowledge on cultural diversity; collection of factual information on cultural particularities of various groups and consequently designing instructional strategies and curricula; creation of conducive climate for learning among ethnically diverse children; adoption of effective cross-cultural communication; and appropriate delivery of instructions to ethnically diverse children. Various tools should be employed to ensure development in culturally diverse environment. Gay

Authentication of Palmyrah Palm Jaggery

Authentication of Palmyrah Palm Jaggery A Preliminary Study and Principal Component Analysis for the Authentication of Palmyrah Palm Jaggery Using NIR Spectroscopy Selvaratnam Balaranjan, Kugamoorthy Velauthamurty, Ganeshalingam Sashikesh Abstract. Palmyrah jaggery is used as a popular traditional sweetener in Jaffna peninsula, Sri Lanka. It is a nutrient rich crude sugar which is also used in the traditional medicine. The authenticity of the product in markets is questionable since there is no analytical methods exist to detect adulterations. In this study, NIR spectroscopy with principal component analysis is used for the authentication of jaggery and identification of the adulterant. Jaggery was produced in laboratory as pure and adulterated with sugar and rice bran at different concentrations. Aqueous solutions of these samples were prepared and used to obtain NIR spectra. Principal component analysis of the spectra was found useful in identifying the adulterations and for the authentication of jaggery. Key words: Palmyrah, jiggery, adulterations, sweetener, NIR spectroscopy. Introduction Palmyrah palm Borassus flabellifer is a celestial tree which is abundant in the northern part of Sri Lanka. Other than northern Sri Lanka, it is widespread in the arid tropics of South America, East Africa, India and South-East Asia. Palmyrah palms are economically useful: leaves are used for thatching, mats, hats, etc.., stalks are used to make fence, black timber used in constructions, young plants, fruits, jelly like seeds are consumed as foods. A sugary liquid oozed from the inflorescence of palmyrah pam, called sap, can be obtained from the young inflorescence of either male or female ones. The sap is a sweet clear watery liquid and contains sugars, vitamins and minerals. Also fresh sap is a good source of vitamin B complex[1]. The sap can be consumed directly. Further, there are several products can be made by processing the sap: jaggery, treacle, sugar candy, toddy, vinegar, arrack and wine. Jaggery Jaggery is a main product made out of sap in Sri Lanka. jaggery is much more nutritious than crude cane sugar, containing 1.04 % protein, 0.19 % fat, 76.86 % sucrose, 1.66 % glucose, 3.15 % total minerals, 0.861 % calcium, 0.052 % phosphorus; Also 11.01 mg iron per 100 g and 0.767 mg of copper per 100 g. It contains vitamins as well: analysis on jaggery from has shown the presence of vitamins such as riboflavin, 402 mg/100 g, vitamin B12, 15 mg/100 g, vitamin C, Thiamine and nicotinic acid[1]. jaggery is used as a popular traditional sweetener in northern Sri Lanka and India. Furthermore, jaggery posses medicinal properties: it is used in indigenous medicine [2], also it is reported that jaggery posses antitoxic and anti-carcinogenic properties as well[3]. Traditionally palmyrah jaggery has high demand among the occupants of northern Sri Lanka. This can be attributed to the use of jaggery as a traditional sweetener and it use in indigenous medicine. jaggery is expensive relative to c ommercial white crystalline sugar: as of writing, 1 Kg of jaggery costs around 600 LKR which is roughly six times that of commercial white crystalline sugar. Due to its relative high price and popularity, Jaggery is often adulterated with cheap adulterants such as cane or beet sugar, rice bran, corn flour, etc. A study by ITI reveals that the ratio between reducing sugar is to non-reducing sugars can be used as a measure to identify the adulterations in the kithul jaggery[4]. However there are no reported works on the authentication of palmyrah jaggery. Food Adulterations Adulteration is the practice of adding low-value substances to a relatively high value food in order to increase the financial return. It is often unlikely for consumers and food processors to detect the adulterations without special chemical or physical analysis. But it is a fraudulent practice. There are several cases of adulterations: sugars in honey [5], proteins in yogurt [6], etc. Adulteration has several consequences such as decrease in the demand, unwanted health effects, unfair competition and so on. The adulterants are often have same chemical composition for example, honey is rich in sugars such as sucrose glucose and fructose and is adulterated with high fructose corn syrups[7], jaggery syrup, sugar solutions etc., extra-virgin oil with different edible oils[8], olive oil with soya oil, sunflower oil, corn oil walnut oil and hazelnut oil[9], yogurt with vegetable protein powder, edible gelatin, and even industrial gelatin[6] etc. Since the chemical composition is similar, the detection of adulteration is difficult. Nevertheless, there are several methods exists to detect and characterize the adulterations. These detection processes have different approaches for the authentication process: determining the ratio between some chemical compositions for authentic samples and compare the ratio for the test samples with the assumption that the ratios are constant for a particular type of food, search for specific markers present in the adulterants. Highly-sophisticated analytical tec hniques such as GC-MS, HPLC, GC, IR-MS, NMR and DNA based techniques are used in the authentication process. Although these methods provide desirable solution to the problem, they are usually time consuming, require dedicated laboratories equipped with costly instruments and require highly-skilled personnel to do the analysis. However, in contrast to those methods, infrared spectroscopy, specifically mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic methods used to address this problem because of its desirable characteristics such as minimal or no sample preparation, short analysis time, does not require chemical reagent purchase or disposal, relatively cost effective and easy deployment once initial method is developed. NIR Spectroscopy NIR Spectroscopy operates in 750-2500 nm (12500 – 4000 cm-1) region of electromagnetic spectrum. This is a vibrational spectroscopic technique, shares the same fundamental principle as that of Mid-IR (4000 – 200 cm-1). However, opposed to fundamental vibrations which arise in the MIR, NIR give rise to overtones and combinations of fundamental vibrations, also the NIR absorption bands overlap with each other. This renders the NIR spectrum more complex than the IR spectrum and hence the chemical information from NIR spectra is poorly resolved. In NIR asymmetric vibrations takes place such as C-H, N-H and O-H this makes NIR spectroscopy useful in the studies of products of biological origin. Chemometrics To resolve useful information from NIR spectra, it is necessary to utilize multivariate statistical analysis. The use of multivariate statistical techniques in the analytical chemistry is termed as chemometrics. Chemometric techniques can be used for qualitative and quantitative studies. These techniques analyze the correlations between variables, since absorptions in NIR wavelengths are correlated with each other chemometrics is exploited in NIR analysis. Principal Component Analysis Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is a chemometric technique which can be used to reduce the number of variables when the systems (samples) are characterized by several variables (absorption at different wavelengths). This is a variable reduction technique and analyzes correlation between variables, reduce the noise and combine the variables into artificial variables called Principle Components (PCs) which explains the most variation among the samples. PCA can be used to study the characteristics of different samples and different groups of samples by analyzing the absorptions at certain wavelength regions which accounts for the similarity/dissimilarity among the samples. Materials and Methods Sap was collected around 09 30 a.m. in weekdays from a sap based production facility in Chavakacheri and Jaffna. After brought to laboratory, the sap was de-limed and neutralized by the addition of concentrated phosphoric acid. Then de-limed the sap was used to prepare jaggery as pure and adulterated forms as in Table 1. Table 1 Composition of jaggery samples produced for the analysis. No Adulterant Amount of adulterant per 500 ml of sap (g) Percentage (w/v) No of Samples 1 None 00.0 0.0 5 2 Sugar 02.5 0.5 3 3 Sugar 05.0 1.0 4 4 Sugar 07.5 1.5 4 5 Sugar 10.0 2.0 2 6 Sugar 12.5 2.5 3 7 Rice Bran 02.5 0.5 3 8 Rice Bran 05.0 1.0 2 Sample Preparation Jaggery was dried in an oven at 102  °C for two hours to remove moisture. Then 5.00 g of sample was added into 20 ml of distilled water and the mixture was stirred at 1000 rpm for five minutes using magnetic stirrer. Then the above solutions were used to obtain the NIR spectra. NIR Spectrum The spectra were obtained at room temperature in Jasco V-570 UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer in the range of 750 to 1300 nm in transmittance mode. Each of the spectra is an average of three individual spectrums. The obtained spectra were exported as ASCII files using the Spectra Manager v 1.5 (Jasco Inc) and imported into Unscrambler X (version 10.1, Camo ASA, Oslo, Norway) for PCA analysis. PCA analysis All the spectra were baseline corrected prior to analysis. The PCA analysis was done for the mean-centered data using Non-linear Iterative Partial Least Squares algorithm with equal weight for all variables, full cross validation was done. Results and Discussion NIR Spectrum Fig. 1. NIR Transmission Spectra of Samples: Solid line – pure, dashed line – samples adulterated with sugar and dotted line – samples adulterated with rice bran. The NIR spectra of eight samples are shown in Fig. 1. Changes in the absorption intensities are visible in the wavelength ranges 900-1000 nm and 1100-1200 nm. N-H 2nd overtone, O-H 2nd overtone and C-H 3rd overtones occur in the 900-1000 nm region. C-H 2nd overtones and O-H combinations occur in the 1100-1200 nm regions. PCA Analysis Fig. 2. PC-1 versus PC-2 for Baseline Corrected Spectra Fig. 3. PC-1 versus PC-2 Scores for Savitzky-Golay 1st Derivative Spectra Fig. 4. PC-1 versus PC-3 Scores for Savitzky-Golay 1st Derivative Spectra In the PCA analysis of baseline corrected spectrum, Fig. 1, PC-1 accounts for 99 % of variation and PC-2 accounts for 1 %. Here only PC-1 is the optimum component. For the PCA analysis of Savitzky-Golay 1st derivative spectra, three PCs were extracted with PC-1, PC-2 and PC-3 accounting 95 %, 2 % and 1 % of variations respectively. Further, score plot of PC-1 versus PC-3 (Fig. 2) separates the three types better than the PC-1 versus PC-2 score plot (Fig. 3). Based on the PCA analysis of samples, three different groups of samples can be identified: I-pure, II-samples adulterated with sugar and III-samples adulterated with rice bran. In the score plot of PC-1 versus PC-2 of baseline corrected spectra, samples which were adulterated with rice bran can easily distinguished from the pure and those adulterated with sugar. PC-1 versus PC-3 plot of the Savitzky-Golay 1st derivative spectra also gives good clustering between the three groups. Conclusion From this initial study we can conclude that PCA analysis of NIR spectral data is useful in the authentication of palmyrah jaggery, also the type of adulterant can be determined.. References [1]. Notes on distribution, propagation, and products of Borassus Palms (Arecaceae). Morton, JuliaF. 3, s.l.: Springer-Verlag, 1988, Economic Botany, Vol. 42, pp. 420-441. ISSN: 0013-0001. [2]. Energetic and economics of traditional gur preparation: a case study in Ganjam district of Orissa, India . Pattnayak, P.K. and Misra, M.K. 1, 2004, Biomass and Bioenergy , Vol. 26, pp. 79-88. ISSN: 0961-9534 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(03)00061-8. [3]. The role of dietary whole sugar-jaggery in prevention of respiratory toxicity of air toxics and in lung cancer. Sahu, A.P. and Paul, B.N. 3, 1998, Toxicology Letters, Vol. 95, pp. 154-154. DOI: doi:10.1016/S0378-4274(98)80615-2. [4]. SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF KITHUL (FISHTAIL PALM) IN SRI LANKA. A. Fernando, D. Rajapaksa and Samarasinghe, K.P.G.U . 2008, Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Plant Biomass, pp. 59-62. [5]. Initial Study of Honey Adulteration by Sugar Solutions Using Midinfrared (MIR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. Kelly, J. F. Daniel, Downey, Gerard and Fouratier, Vanessa. 1, 2004, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 52, pp. 33-39. PMID: 14709010. DOI: 10.1021/jf034985q. [6]. The Feasibility of Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Untargeted Detection of Protein Adulteration in Yogurt: Removing Unwanted Variations in Pure Yogurt. Lu Xu, Si-Min Yan, Chen-Bo Cai Zhen-Ji Wang and Yu, Xiao-Ping. 2013, Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, pp. Article ID 201873, 9 pages. [7]. Detection of adulteration of commercial honey samples by the 13C/12C isotopic ratio . Padovan, G.J, et al. 4, 2003, Food Chemistry , Vol. 82, pp. 633-636. ISSN: 0308-8146 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00504-6. [8]. Detection of adulteration of extra-virgin olive oil by chemometric analysis of mid-infrared spectral data . Gurdeniz, Gozde and Ozen, Banu. 2, 2009, Food Chemistry , Vol. 116, pp. 519-525. ISSN: 0308-8146 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.068. [9]. The detection and quantification of adulteration in olive oil by near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Christy, Alfred A, et al. 6, s.l.: Tokyo: The Society,[1985-, 2004, Analytical Sciences, Vol. 20, pp. 935-940. [10]. Recent Developments in Food Characterization and Adulteration Detection:à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ° Technique-Oriented Perspectives. Cordella, Christophe, et al. 7, 2002, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 50, pp. 1751-1764. PMID: 11902909. DOI: 10.1021/jf011096z. [11]. K.Theivendirarajah, Prof. Palmyrah Palm A Monograph. 2008.

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â€Å"The Holocaust is not a tragedy of the Jewish people, it is a failure of humanity as a whole†(Moshe Katsav). During the time of the Holocaust over six million people were killed, most people overlook the children’s fraction of those deaths. Over one million five thousand Jewish children, gypsy children, and handicapped children were killed. Only a small percent of children survived the holocaust. The children who survived the Holocaust had to experience life in hiding, life in concentration camps, and life in the ghettos. There were quite a few children that went into hiding during the holocaust.Some of the children hid by fleeing to another country or getting false identities. Some of the children that hid were searched for, and fairly often found others had a better chance of survival depending on the what they knew. If a child was too young to know when to be quiet then they had a greater chance of being found than older children who knew when to be quiet. Children who were hidden in rural areas were hidden in barns, chicken coops, and forest huts. Children who were hidden in suburb areas were hidden in attics, cellars, behind walls, and in or behind cabinets. Some had to sit/stand motionless for hours at a time (â€Å"Jewish Victims of the Holocaust†, â€Å"Hidden Children†). Too much noise would alert neighbors and cause suspicion. Another way of survival was fleeing to another country. Britain started relocating Jewish children under the age of seventeen, this was called the Kinde rtransport. This began in December 1938 and ended September 1, 1939, two days before Britain entered World War II (Fitzgerald, Stephanie). During this time over ten thousand children traveled of Germany, Austria, Poland and Czechoslovakia. Some children had ... ...d to catch the Nazi’s eyes. Nazis would go to these peoples houses and tell them that their family member was getting the latest treatment, or maybe even a cure. This was in fact not true, they were being sent to Auschwitz to be experimented on, most of these children never returned home (projetaladin.org). The Holocaust was a dreadful time in history. Over six million jews were murdered, over one and a half million being children. The children during this time had to experience life in hiding, life in concentration camps, or life in the ghetto. Some children had to experience all three. The Jews are an example to people all across the world today, since the Holocaust happened we know not to repeat it. â€Å"If we bear all this suffering and if there are still Jews left, when it is over, then jews, instead of being doomed, will be held up as an example† (Anne Frank).