Human Trafficking and Prostitution in Russia - 2058 Words

Human Traficking In Russia: Prostitution human trafficking in Russia.-prostitution. Russia is considered the largest country in the whole world. It is massively known for the origin and final destination of trafficked men, women, and children who are forced to labour. Human trafficking is one of the major problems that is facing Russia. Trafficking is carried out mainly for the purpose of exploitation, which includes prostitution, forced labour, slavery, removal of organs and many others (human trafficking in and out of Russia). This is mostly because of the unbearable economic situations in the country and a punishment should be given to those who engage in human trafficking. Concentrating on prostitution as a form of human†¦show more content†¦Small children and adolescents involvement in sex working and producing pornography rapidly grew in the 1990s (E.V. Tiurukanova 40). Estimates show that not less than 17,000 minors are placed into the sex industry. In other estimates, the number may rise to 50,000 minors. Most of the children while interviewed sai d their engagement in sex trade was due to the ‘wish to survive’ and others to have their own money while others was to stop depending on their parents (E.V. Tiurukanova 41). Child trafficking also involved children being lured into child sex tourism. This started when the legal protection of children from sexual exploitation was omitted from the Russian legislation and the punishment to crimes related to sexual crimes and exploitation of small children being handed in United States and Europe gave a larger rise to child sex tourism. Many tourist travels to Russia, not for any other reason but enjoy sex with children (E.V. Tiurukanova 43). Trafficking of children was also for producing child pornography. This issue brought about many debates among the public but nothing was developed. The public has not yet shown acceptance, disapproval, or intolerance of the production and distribution of children produced pornography. Actually, hard economic situation has led to tolerance of the child pornography phenomena. According to the Russian national consultation on the commercial exploitation of children, Russia isShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking In Russia: Prostitution661 Words   |  3 PagesHuman Trafficking In Russia: Prostitution Human trafficking is one of the major problems that is facing Russia. And Russia is considered the largest country in the whole world. It is massively known for the origin and final destination of trafficked men, women, and children who are forced to labor. Trafficking is carried out mainly for the purpose of exploitation, which includes prostitution, forced labor, slavery, removal of organs and many others (human trafficking in and out of Russia). This isRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Unique Sector Of Slavery1201 Words   |  5 PagesSex trafficking is a unique sector of slavery that primarily affects women and children. This is sexual exploitation for profit where victims face inhumane and volatile conditions. The practice comes in varying forms including brothels, strip clubs, and online services. This horrible occurrence happens secretly in practically any corner across the globe. Although it causes immense physical harm to its victims, the physiological and emotional damage remai ns severe and prominent. Victims from AsiaRead MoreThe Globalization Of Human Trafficking990 Words   |  4 Pageswill define the globalization of human trafficking through the context of the United States as a first world nation and extension of this problematic issue in European nations, such as Russia and in the Baltic region. The first world status of the United States provides a context in which human trafficking has become a major problem when defining domestic markets for criminal organizations. However, the U.S. provides an example of the impact of human trafficking that occurs on a much wider scaleRead MoreRussi A Tier 3 Source, Transit, And Destination Country1067 Words   |  5 Pages Russia is a Tier 3 source, transit, and destination country. The dominant form of trafficking is forced labor but sexual exploitation and begging is also pronounced. Men, women, and children are among the exploited both inside and outside of the country. Russia’s Tier 3 status is du e to its refusal to meet the minimum standards to prevent, investigate, prosecute, or convict those involved with trafficking including government officials. It also provides no funding for counseling or rehabilitativeRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Nation s Economy, Political, And Legal Factors1383 Words   |  6 PagesHuman trafficking is the trade of humans by force, mainly women and female children, for the purposes of sexual slavery, sexual exploitation, and domestic labor. Global human trafficking has often been labeled as modern- day slavery; however the history and causes have been identifiable just as the causes of traditional slavery have been. What causes human trafficking? In this present paper, the hypotheses on the primary causes of global human trafficking will be identified. There are three majorRead MoreHuman Trafficking in Russia Essay1853 Words   |  8 Pagessomewhere in Russia wakes up from the sound of heavy footsteps creaking up the wooden steps. Confused, s he begins crying, trying to escape the chains, but as soon as she attempts, the face of a stranger comes near her. 11:07 p.m. A girl somewhere in Russia becomes a victim of human trafficking. Human trafficking has existed across the globe for thousands of years. From the Ancient Greek and Romans to the medieval times, until today, humans have existed as victims of the cruel act of human trafficking. AmongRead MoreEssay about Japanese, Russian, Chinese, and Mexican Organized Crime1042 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral different countries, such as; Italy, China, Japan, Russia and the United States of America. Although all these groups of organized crime have many things in common they tend to have different ways of doing something, or they may not do them at all. Many also commit similar types of crimes, and others commit crimes other groups would not. It is thought that the Russian Mafia has existed in Russia for several centuries. When Russia was still the Soviet Union, corruption began to develop becauseRead MoreModern Day Human Sex Trafficking1151 Words   |  5 PagesModern Day Human Sex Trafficking With the advances in technology society now mainly uses cellphones and the internet as means of communication; traffickers see this as an opportunity, by using technology as a tool to reach victims from all around the world, as well as buyers. However, as traffickers are adapting to the online market for trafficking, technology is also creating ways in which we can identify traffickers and victims. Sex trafficking has been around for centuries, howeverRead MoreHuman Trafficking in Malta1515 Words   |  7 PagesMalta serves as a trafficking destination for women and children who are subjected to forced labor, including in restaurants, private households and in unskilled or semi-skilled labor. With regards to our local issue, African mirgants whom are labelled as ‘irregular immigrants’ are directly being trafficked in the country’s informal labor market. Between 2003 and 2011 there were 25 reported victims 24 of which were women all of foreign dissent. Most of them arrived illegally from Russia, Ukraine and RomaniaRead MoreThe Legal And Social Implications Of Prostitution1039 Words   |  5 Pageslegal and social implications of prostitution have been a topic of much concern over the past few decades. Although the issue has been heavily debated, a proper answer to its legalization or criminalization has not yet been defined in many countries throughout the world. While some view that â€Å"sex work† is a justifiable occupation that should be protected under human rights, others argue that it’s legalization would do more harm than good. According to the Health and Human Rights Journal (2014), the Russian

Benefits of partnership of a community group Free Essays

In the recent years we have witnessed a contract known as ‘Community Benefit Agreement’ that was signed in the USA between community groups and company owners which requires the business owners to provide certain services to the local community or the vicinity while on the other hand the community supports the businesses or will not in any way oppose them (Cnaan Milofsky, 2007). A study reveals that when the community is more involved in the negotiation procedure, they will be able to tackle the problems to present a debate for all parts of an affected community. At the spirit of the community benefits schemes is partnership building. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of partnership of a community group or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the agreement, there are various benefits a community will derive from a business operating in the vicinity. They include; good working conditions, local hiring schemes, affordable housing allowances, better remuneration packages, on job training programs, space will be set aside for other small organizations, community centres, child care schools, enhance erection of parks and sporting amenities and giving financial support to community group programs. Benefits that a community group may accrue from a company/business through partnership Taking a case in Sydney we find that a recreation field committee of Rankin School of the Narrows in IONA being one of the beneficiaries from the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency through a strategy that was introduced known as Local Economic Benefits (LEB). Sydney Tar Ponds Agency is an agency that deals with stabilizing, solidifying and containing the contaminated materials to clean up the environment and the cleaned up space to be used for recreational purposes. Sydney Tar Ponds Agency, through the LEB program, supports promotes mission contestants and contractors to promote local community activities. LEB involves various operations such as local employment, improvement of local proficiency sets, promoting local community projects and drawing new citizens to join local communities. An important section that will be checked out is developing an outdoor rink, a young and adults green activity area which will allow those who have no space to plant at home to have a garden, for the young ones it will provide education on plants and how they grow. As fundraising efforts were underway for the various phases, the committee explored many ways of generating much-needed financial support. Members in the Sydney Tar Ponds Agency have testified that the strategy had helped them develop the outdoor rink that is helping them to give back to the community. This helps the community to grow in positive, healthy directions (Gale Group, 1988). Through the establishment of the outdoor rink for Rankin School of the Narrows in IONA, there will be a lot of motivation in the part of the learners as they will be able to learn extra curriculum activities such as small garden farming. It will also give individuals work to do thus avoiding idleness which could promote immorality amongst the youths. This will develop the youngsters’ skills and talents that could be of great help to them in future. These small gardens will also add to the country’s aesthetic value thus preserving the splendour of a nation. Conclusion In order to form a triumphant community benefit agreement, it is vital to classify and retain a coalition, facilitate and expertise on a shared agenda, Collins Porras, 2002). It is therefore important that the government empowers the community on its rights so as to improve the bargaining power of the community. We find that there are organizations which merely do anything for the community because there are no efforts to demand their contribution to the community. On the other hand the community groups should support the operations of the organization to form that mutual relationship that will promote the introduction of other benefits (Demetrios E. Tonias Jim J. Zhao, 2007). Works Cited Gale Group. International directory of company histories. (California: St James Press. 1988) Collins James Charles Porras I. Jerry. Built to last: successful habits of visionary companies. (New York; Harper Business Essentials. 2002). Cnaan A. Ram Milofsky Carl. Handbook of Community Movements and Local Organizations. (Philadelphia: Springer. 2007 pp 26, 27). Tonias E. Demetrios Zhao J. Jim. Bridge Engineering. (New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. 2007, p 41). How to cite Benefits of partnership of a community group, Papers

Introduction to Marketing for the Innovation - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Marketingfor the Innovation Journal. Answer: Introduction Having identified that the major challenge of Burma lane restaurant is mainly triggered by marketing and competition, it is now important to find out how this company can strategize its operations to overcome the pressure it gets from other companies. One of the techniques which this company can use to challenge its competitors is adapting the best marketing mix strategy. The fact that this restaurant is beautifully decorated and provides sweet Asian dishes has the potential of improving its turnover or profits if good marketing plan is established. According to Doughty (2013), an effective marketing strategy begins with considered and well-informed marketing strategy. Single marketing mix strategy will be ideal for this company because it will assist it to avoid confronting with other bigger companies. This company should decide to concentrate on a single segment which the management feels it is likely to yield the highest profit. Promotion According to Fromm Garton (2013), a successful product or service means nothing unless the benefits of such products are communicated clearly to the target market. This means it is important for Burma lane to expose the benefits of its products to the target market. The company can do this by concentrate in a single segment and mainly focus on promotions. The reason why it is fundamental for this restaurant to focus on promotions is because its problem was triggered by lack of advertisement which is a fundamental tool in promotional marketing mix. Advertising typically covers communication strategies that are paid for like for example TV advertisements, print media internet, radio commercials, and so forth. In the recent times, companies seem to from focusing offline to online strategies. Burma lane, in this case, should come with advertisement as its single promotional tool. According to Guevarra (2010), majority of companies which use advertisement as their promotional tool realize a significant increase in revenue. The management should also aim at using the most influential channels to advertise like social media. Harden Heyman (2011) suggest that promotions require the right channels to be used for companies to realize the benefits of this strategy. In this case, Burma lane restaurant should emphasize on using social media because in the recent days it has been one of the most effective ways of advertising. According to Hess (2011), social media is the better channel for promotions because it assists organizations to target a large number of people, and it is cheap and fast. Another way of succeeding in using advertisement as single marketing mix to address Burma lane restaurant marketing issue is through designing unique adverts. The manner in which adverts are designed determines the effectiveness of this marketing mix component (Doughty, 2013). The advertisements should be designed in a manner which can inform the audience about the products, and the reasons which should make the consumers to purchase them. Pricing According to Irina (2013), price states the amount of money which an organization offers its products to the consumers. Burma lane should also come up with one pricing strategy and offer a uniform price to every consumer who buys the product under the same condition. This will aid in making the consumers feel the company values them irrespective of their differences in various factors like income, preferences and so on. The best pricing strategy should be based on various factors including the quality of products, pricing strategy used by competitors, the target consumers and so forth. Because the aim of this company is to improve turnover or profit through addressing the competition problem, it should consider two major factors when deciding on prices. The first consideration should be the prices used by the competitors. The management should ensure its prices are closely related to those of its competitors because consumers always compare prices when making the decision of which company to purchase from. The second consideration is the quality of its products. Burma lane restaurant should ensure that the prices match the quality of its products. According to Luther (2013), consumers purchasing decisions is influenced by quality and the prices charged. This means the prices charged should be worth the quality of products offered. Product According to Mohammed (2012), product means the tangible items or intangible services which consumers purchase from an organization. Product is important because it defines what the company provides in the target market. The products offered should be unique in terms of quality and physical appearances so that the consumers can be able to differentiate them from those of competitors. Because the company will use a single marketing strategy, the product should also be the same across all segments. Establishing one type of product with little or no variations for all consumers will play a role in boosting revenue because of various reasons. The first reason is it will be easy to conduct marketing because the marketers will emphasize on a single product. The second reason is because the company will be able to make proper decisions on how to develop the product. Pauwels (2014) argues that when there are no competing products or services in an organization, the possibility of developing product which matches consumer expectations are always high because the company dedicates its efforts and resources towards that product. This means Burma Lane can establish a strong product by establishing a single marketing mix and concentrating on a single product. The product should be designed in a manner which can assist the company to customer loyalty. The management should ensure its products are of high quality and meets customer expectations. According to Tybout Calder (2010), consumer loyalty is attracted and maintained by companies which produce high-quality products. This indicates that Burma lane restaurant can win customer loyalty through ensuring its products are of good quality than those of competitors. Place Placement or distribution is a fundamental part of the product mix definition. A company must position its product in a place which the potential buyers can access them. In the case of Burma lane restaurant, the products should be positioned in its restaurants to ensure the target consumers can easily access them. In practicing single marketing mix, the company should also come up with one distribution system aimed at entire market. The advantage of using this type of distribution system is that it will enable the management to monitor when product needs to be delivered and in which quantity and quality. Single distribution system aimed at the entire market will also assist the company to improve its distribution system, deliver products at the right time, learn changes in consumer buying behavior and so forth. Budgeting and Cost To succeed in the marketing process, the company will be required to allocate at least $10000. This money will cater for the advertising cost, improving the distribution process, and other marketing aspects required to make the single marketing mix effective. In addition to other advertising methods, the company will mostly rely on social media for advertising because it is highly effective. The following is a one year budget concerning how the company will allocate money in different advertisement methods. Advertising method Allocation Advertising through social media(Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram, linkdn twitter, YouTube) $3000 Print media( newspapers, magazines, etc) $2000 Billboards $2000 Advertising T-shirts and Caps $800 Restaurant menu design $1200 Miscellaneous expenses $1000 Total $10000 Conclusion Burma lane can address its problem by of not having enough exposure in the local market and improve its turnover and profit through adapting the right marketing strategy. Single marketing mix is ideal for this company because it will allow specialization and best utilization of available resources to assist this company in attaining a competitive advantage. The management should ensure the company has a well-developed product which targets a single market segment, and there is good pricing of products which are based on the quality of goods and prices used by competitors. The company must also ensure it uses single promotional tool, and in this case, advertisement is ideal because one of the major factors which triggered its problem is lack of advertisements. The products should be strategically positioned its products in all of its restaurants so that the potential customers can easily access them. Another factor which can assist this company to improve turnover and profit is ensuring its products are sold at reasonable prices. References Doughty, H. 2013. Flux: What Marketing Managers Need to Navigate the New Environment. The Innovation Journal, 31(1), 78-90. Fromm, J Garton, C. 2013. Marketing to Millennials: Reach the Largest and Most Influential Generation of Consumers Ever. New York: AMACOM. Guevarra, R. A. 2010. Marketing Dreams, Manufacturing Heroes: The Transnational Labor Brokering of Filipino Workers. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press Harden. L Heyman. B. 2011. Marketing by the Numbers: How to Measure and Improve the ROI of Any Campaign. New York: Amacom. Hess, E. D. 2011. Growing an Entrepreneurial Business: Concepts and Cases. Stanford, CA: Stanford Business Books Irina. P. 2013. Product Innovation Strategies on Emerging Markets: Bringing Theory and Practice Together. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(2), 58-90. Luther, W. 2011. The Marketing Plan: How to Prepare and Implement It. New York: AMACOM. Mohammed. A. 2012. Establishing Sales Organizations in Emerging Markets: The case of Saudi Arabia. Review of Business Finance Studies, 3(2), 65-70. Pauwels. K. 2014. Its not the Size of the DataIt's How You Use It: Smarter Marketing with Analytics and Dashboards. New York: American Management Associations. Tybout, M. A Calder, J. B. 2010. Kellogg on Marketing. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley

Love Song Essays - Literature, Chapbooks, , Term Papers

Love Song Eliot paints the picture of an insecure man looking for his niche in society. Prufrock has fallen in with the times, and places a lot of weight on social status and class to determine his identity. He is ashamed of his personal appearance and looks towards social advancement as a way to assure himself and those around him of his worth and establish who he is. Throughout the poem the reader comes to realize that Prufrock has actually all but given up on himself and now sees his balding head and realizes that he has wasted his life striving for an unattainable goal. The beginning of the poem is pre-empted by an excerpt from Dante's Inferno which Eliot uses to begin his exploration of Prufrock's self-consciousness. By inserting this quote, a parallel is created between Prufrock and the speaker, Guido da Montefeltro, who is very aware of his position in "hell" and his inability to escape his fate. Prufrock is also very aware of his current status but doesn't realize until the end that he is unable to rise above it. The issue of his fate leads Prufrock to an "overwhelming question..."(10) which is never identified, asked, or answered in the poem. This "question" is somehow associated with his social status, but both its ambiguity and Prufrock's denial to even ask "What is it?"(11) gives some insight into his state of internal turmoil. Prufrock's dissatisfaction with his personal appearance is evidence of an underlying lack of self-confidence. Not only is he unhappy with the way he looks, having "To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;" but he is constantly afraid of what others will have to say about him: "(They will say: 'How his hair is growing thin!')"(41) and "(... 'But how his arms and legs are thin!')"(44). Prufrock's preoccupation with looks shows how much he is caught up in the social scene and how much his identity is rooted in what others think of him. Unfortunately, his lack of confidence isn't limited to his looks. He's indecisive and unsuccessful in his attempts to communicate with other people, repeating "visions and revisions"(33) and "decisions and revisions..."(48). Eliot uses repetition here to emphasize Prufrock's alterations in behavior to please those around him. He wants to speak out and share his thoughts but doesn't have the courage saying, "'Do I dare?' and, 'Do I dare?'"(38). Possibly, he's asking if he should dare "and drop a question on your plate."(30) He wants to ask a lady out but again he can't get up the nerve to take that step. He is a bit melodramatic but he realizes the enormity of the odds stacked against him and he drones, "Do I dare/ Disturb the universe?"(45-46). In this case Eliot uses hyperbole to show the reader extent of Prufrock's insecurities. They are his whole "universe." Once again, Eliot uses the device of ambiguity to reflect the internal struggle in Prufrock and lead the reader to ask himself or herself, "What is the 'overwhelming question' that Prufrock is asking?" Unfortunately even Prufrock himself doesn't exactly have the answer. His declaration that he isn't a prophet indicates Prufrock's view on his position in society, which he is as confused about as everything else. He isn't poor but he doesn't really fit into the upper class either. Eliot introduces the idea of Prufrock being caught between the two classes in the very beginning of the poem, when he juxtaposes the images of "restless nights in one-night cheap hotels/ And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells"(4-5) with the women who "come and go Talking of Michelangelo."(13-14). These two images represent two completely different ways of life. The first image is of a dingy lifestyle - living among the "half-deserted streets"(4) while the second is the lifestyle that Prufrock longs to be associated with. It is much like the image of Michelangelo's painting on the ceiling of the Sistine chapel where Adam is reaching out to touch God's finger but can't quite reach. While Prufrock doesn't belong to either of these two classes completely, he does have characteristics of both. He claims to be "Full of high sentence; but a bit obtuse" while "At times, indeed, almost ridiculous"(117-118). Being the outsider that he is, Prufrock will not be accepted by either class; even though he can clearly make the distinction between the two and recognize their members: "I know the voices dying with a dying fall/ Beneath the music from a farther room."(52-53). This Shakespearean suggests that Prufrock is just out of reach of the group of people

The Pros and Cons of Screenplay Competitions

The Pros and Cons of Screenplay Competitions Screenplay competitions have long served as a means for fledgling screenwriters to call attention to their talent, especially if they have little else to draw from in the way of Hollywood relationships. As a former literary manager and screenplay competition judge, I can confidently say that the most skilled storytellers will ultimately get noticed in such settings. However, there are a few thing screenwriters should know before submitting. First, not all competitions are created equal. In fact, only a small handful will truly mean anything when it comes to advancing your career, and even then, only if you place in at least the top 10 percent. So, what competitions are worth your hard-earned 50 bucks? Below is a list of what I believe are the top 10 screenplay competitions today based on credibility and access they provide to the industry: 1.  Ã‚     Academy Nicholl Fellowship oscars.org/nicholl 2.  Ã‚     Sundance Screenwriters Lab sundance.org/programs/feature-film#labs 3.  Ã‚     Final Draft Big Break Contest https://store.finaldraft.com/big-break-contest.html 4.  Ã‚     TrackingB trackingb.com/contests/?contest_id=36 5.  Ã‚     Launch Pad https://www.tblaunchpad.com/ 6.  Ã‚     Slamdance http://showcase.slamdance.com/Screenplay-Competition 7.  Ã‚     Scriptapalooza scriptapalooza.com/home.php 8.  Ã‚     PAGE International https://pageawards.com/ 9.  Ã‚     BlueCat bluecatscreenplay.com/ 10.  Ã‚     Austin Film Festival https://austinfilmfestival.com/submit/screenplay-and-teleplay-submissions-2/ What makes these competitions so widely trusted compared to others in the marketplace is their long history of rewarding quality writing and the high caliber of judges they hire – many of whom are respectable producers or managers. This translates to greater industry access for top finishers in addition to generous cash and other prizes. Several of these competitions, such as Slamdance and BlueCat, also provide written feedback to all entrants; so even if you don’t place, you get some constructive criticism that can be used to better your material for the next one. Another key takeaway: it means more to do well in one or two highly respected competitions like the Nicholl or Sundance than to do well in dozens of lesser-known competitions. Industry types are more apt to trust the informed opinion of a few accredited peers than a bevy of unknowns. Furthermore, entry fees for preeminent competitions aren’t higher on average than less notable ones, meaning you’re spending less and getting more value for your dollar So then, what scripts typically do best in competition? Readability is key. Proper formatting, spelling and grammar alone will elevate your material above half the submissions. After that, the focus is on craftsmanship. A coherent three-act story structure coupled with compelling characters, clever plotlines and crisp dialogue will catapult you to the quarter- or even semi-finalist stage. Reaching this level is all but guaranteed to generate reader requests and perhaps even some phone calls from interested parties. However, the screenplays that advance to the finalist level and beyond – the ones that get you in-person meetings – often have one very special, very ironic ingredient: they boast unfamiliar ideas and storylines that may not be marketable enough to get the film made. Numerous colleagues of mine, from Nicholl judges to professional script consultants, have confirmed as much. Essentially, there’s a disconnect between scripts that place highly in competitions and those that get produced because competitions look at creative writing skill over marketability and reward highly original ideas that eschew the very market trends and genre conventions production companies seek. Bottom line, screenplays that win competitions are less likely to get made than they are to serve as calling cards for agents, managers and producers who want talented writers-for-hire. While it may not be the path you planned, it’s still a step toward becoming a professional screenwriter. And a very viable one for those with real talent.

About the Extension of University Education Act, 1959

About the Extension of University Education Act, 1959 The Extension of University Education Act, no. 45 of 1949, segregated South African universities by both race and ethnicity.  This meant that the law not only decreed that â€Å"white† universities were closed to black students, but also that the universities that were open to black students be segregated by ethnicity.  This meant that only Zulu students, for instance, were to attend the University of Zululand, while the University of the North, to take another example, was formerly restricted to Sotho students. The Act was another piece of Apartheid legislation, and it augmented the 1953 Bantu Education Act. The Extension of University Education Act was repealed by Tertiary Education Act of 1988. Protests and Resistance There was widespread protests against the Extension of Education Act. In Parliament, the United Party- the minority party under Apartheid- protested its passage. Many university professors also signed petitions protesting the new law and other racist legislation aimed at higher education. Non-white students also protested the act, issuing statements and marching against the Act. There was also international condemnation of the Act. Bantu Education and the Decline of Opportunity South African universities that taught in the Afrikaans languages had already limited their student bodies to white students, so the immediate impact was to prevent non-white students from attending the Universities of Cape Town, Witswatersrand, and Natal, which had formerly been comparatively open in their admissions. All three had multi-racial student bodies, but there were divisions within the colleges. The University of Natal, for instance, segregated its classes, while the University of Witswatersrand and University of Cape Town had color bars in place for social events. The Extension of Education Act closed these universities. There was also an impact on the education students received at universities that had previously been unofficially â€Å"non-white† institutions. The University of Fort Hare had long argued tat all students, regardless of color, deserved an equally excellent education, and it was an internationally prestigious university for African students. Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Robert Mugabe were among its graduates, but after the passage of the Extension of University Education Act, the government took over the University of Fort Hare and designated it an institution for Xhosa students.  After that, the quality of education declined precipitously as these universities were forced to provide the purposely inferior Bantu Education. University Autonomy The most significant impacts were on non-white students, but the law also reduced the autonomy for South African universities by taking away their right to decide who to admit to their schools. The government also replaced University administrators with people who were seen as being more inline with Apartheid sentiments, and professors who protested the new legislation also lost their jobs.   Indirect Impacts The declining quality of education for non-whites, of course, had much broader implications. The training for non-white teachers, for instance, was distinctly inferior to that of white teachers, which impacted the education of non-white students. That said, there were so few non-white teachers with university degrees in Apartheid South Africa, that the quality of higher education was something of a moot point for secondary teachers. The lack of educational opportunities and of university autonomy also limited the educational possibilities and scholarship under Apartheid. Sources Mangcu, Xolela. Biko: A Life. (I.B. Tauris, 2014), 116-117. Cutton, Merle. â€Å"Natal University and the Question of Autonomy, 1959-1962.† Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre. Bachelor of Arts Honors Thesis, Department of Natal, Durban, 1987. â€Å"History,† University of Fort Hare, (Accessed 31 January 2016)

Comparison of Japans Meiji Period with Chinas Great Leap Forward Essay

Comparison of Japans Meiji Period with Chinas Great Leap Forward - Essay Example One of the main reasons why the Meiji Period is considered a success while the Great Leap Forward a failure is due to the length of time each was given to succeed. The Meiji Period occurred over a longer period of time, and so was more likely to succeed. Emperor Meiji decided that Japan needed to establish itself as one of the world’s leading nations both economically and militarily. To fuel this growth, democracy was promoted as a key component of change in Japan. The old feudal lords had their powers decreased to the point where all Japanese citizens were treated equally. Conversely, China’s Great Leap Forward was abandoned after only a few short years because the goals and objectives set forth by Mao were completely unrealistic. He too realized that China needed to catch up to the Western powers, but he did so in a completely different way than Emperor Meiji. Unlike Japan, which had embraced democracy, China was deeply rooted in communist principles. Mao decided that two improvements would significantly boost the Chinese economy: industry and agriculture. He was correct in saying that these are key areas that need to form the backbone of any economy. Where he got it wrong was setting unrealistic goals and targets for the people to reach. Additionally, families were housed in communes and had no control over their own state of affairs. The result of this was that many people starved to death due to a lack of food. Even though both the Meiji Period and Great Leap Forward set out with the same purpose, the reason why one succeeded and one failed is how they went about it. Japan decided to study Western ways of learning; the Japanese education system was Western-based and education became compulsory for every Japanese child.